Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture for Sustainable Infrastructure Development and Environment (CEASIDE 2025)

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Recent Developments in Functionally Graded Concrete for Engineering Applications

Authors
K. M. Kripa1, *, R. Miji Cherian1
1Government Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
*Corresponding author. Email: kripadevan.22@gmail.com
Corresponding Author
K. M. Kripa
Available Online 29 December 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-936-0_6How to use a DOI?
Keywords
functionally graded concrete; structures; materials
Abstract

Functionally graded concrete (FGC) has emerged as a transformative material concept in civil engineering, enabling spatial tailoring of mechanical and durability properties through the strategic distribution of constituents. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements in the design, fabrication, and performance of FGC, drawing from eighteen significant studies published between 2020 and 2025. The reviewed literature covers both layered and continuously graded systems, with a focus on innovations in fiber-reinforced self-compacting composites, nano-modified matrices, recycled aggregates, and low-cement sustainable mixes. The effectiveness of functional gradation is examined across structural applications such as slabs, beams, pavements, and pipes—highlighting improvements in flexural behavior, impact resistance, and interface bonding. Advanced production techniques, including 3D printing and prepacked aggregate methods, are also evaluated for their role in enabling precise gradation and construction feasibility. Additionally, the environmental resilience of FGC under thermal loads, corrosion, and repeated impact is critically assessed. The review concludes by identifying key challenges in standardization, interlayer bonding, and long-term durability, while outlining promising directions for sustainable infrastructure using FGC.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture for Sustainable Infrastructure Development and Environment (CEASIDE 2025)
Series
Atlantis Highlights in Sustainable Development
Publication Date
29 December 2025
ISBN
978-94-6463-936-0
ISSN
3005-155X
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-936-0_6How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - K. M. Kripa
AU  - R. Miji Cherian
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/29
TI  - Recent Developments in Functionally Graded Concrete for Engineering Applications
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture for Sustainable Infrastructure Development and Environment (CEASIDE 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 81
EP  - 91
SN  - 3005-155X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-936-0_6
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-936-0_6
ID  - Kripa2025
ER  -