Coconut Shell Carbonization to Produce Biochar Using a Cylinder Retort Kiln

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-678-9_23How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Coconut shell; carbonization; biochar; cylinder retort kiln

Abstract

Biomass is an alternative energy source derived from organic materials such as wood and coconut shells. Biomass is used by communities as an alternative fuel for cooking through direct combustion. One way to improve the quality of biomass is through carbonization. Carbonization is a combustion method with limited air to produce charcoal with high calorific value. One commonly used carbonization method is the drum retort kiln, which involves external heating of the kiln drum. The heat generated from this combustion process is convected into the drum to heat the raw materials inside. This study aims to analyze the effect of carbonization time and temperature on the quality of charcoal, evaluated by yield, proximate test values, fuel energy values, and specific fuel consumption during the carbonization process. The optimal results from this carbonization process were achieved at a temperature of 400˚C for 135 min with four kilograms raw materials, 2.80% water content, 2.80% ash content, 25.65% volatile matter, and 71.55% fixed carbon with the yield produced was 60.75% or 2.43 kg and spesific fuel consumption value of 0.4038kkal/kg. These scores meet the SNI 1–1683-1996 standards for water and ash content, while the volatile matter content approaches the applicable standards.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Irawan Rusnadi
AU  - Muhammad Daffa Fadlurrahman
AU  - Erlinawati
AU  - Indah Pratiwi
AU  - K. A. Ridwan
AU  - Lusi Widiyanti
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/01
TI  - Coconut Shell Carbonization to Produce Biochar Using a Cylinder Retort Kiln
BT  - Proceedings of the 8th FIRST 2024 International Conference on Global Innovations (FIRST-ESCSI 2024 )
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 245
EP  - 255
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-678-9_23
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-678-9_23
ID  - Rusnadi2025
ER  -