“Synchronization Methods for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer in Mongolian Goats and Ewes: a Mini-Review”

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-837-0_20How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Estrus; synchronization; ovulation; protocol; AI; ET; goat; ewe

Abstract

The introduction of artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET) in Mongolian cashmere goats during the 1980s marked a key step toward enhancing national goat breeding efforts. This review evaluates the implementation, outcomes, and synchronization methods currently used in both cashmere and dairy goat AI and ET programs in Mongolia. Estrus and ovulation synchronization are essential for ensuring precise timing and improving the success of fertilization and implantation. The review focuses on various hormonal protocols, including progesterone-based (CIDR devices), prostaglandin-based, and combined methods. These are assessed for their effectiveness in managing reproductive cycles and enhancing fertility outcomes. Progesterone-based protocols are particularly noted for their reliability in controlling estrus and ovulation, while prostaglandin and combined approaches contribute to synchronization accuracy. Effective application of AI and ET technologies depends not only on hormonal treatments but also on proper management of recipient does. This paper offers practical insights for breeders and stakeholders aiming to improve reproductive efficiency. It also addresses challenges unique to Mongolia’s extensive pastoral systems, such as logistical constraints and low adoption rates among nomadic herders. By highlighting synchronization techniques and offering strategies for their practical use, this review supports the advancement of reproductive technologies in Mongolia. Improving AI and ET practices can significantly contribute to the sustainable development and productivity of the Mongolian goat and sheep industry.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Batsukh Tuvuudorj
AU  - Myagmardulam Ukherch
AU  - Badam Battulga
AU  - Urgamal Magsar
AU  - Amar Erdenechimeg
AU  - Myagmarsuren Purevdorj
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/09/17
TI  - “Synchronization Methods for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer in Mongolian Goats and Ewes: a Mini-Review”
BT  - Proceedings of the International Biological Conference in Mongolia 2025 (IBCM 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 299
EP  - 306
SN  - 2468-5747
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-837-0_20
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-837-0_20
ID  - Tuvuudorj2025
ER  -