Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)

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Technical Evaluation of Paving Blocks Utilizing Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Waste from Coal-Fired Power Plant

Authors
Sartika Sartika1, *, Syarifah Aqla1, Firman Firman1, Fajar Niko Rudianto2, Muh Anhar3
1Department of Mining Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ketapang, Ketapang Regency, Indonesia
2PT PLN Nusantara Power Services PLTU Ketapang, Ketapang Regency, Indonesia
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ketapang, Ketapang Regency, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: sartika@politap.ac.id
Corresponding Author
Sartika Sartika
Available Online 31 December 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_66How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Bottom Ash; Compressive Strength; Fly Ash; Paving Block; Water Absorption
Abstract

Fly ash and bottom ash waste from coal combustion in steam power plants has the potential to be utilized as an alternative raw material in the production of environmentally friendly paving blocks. This study aims to evaluate the effect of fly ash variation on the physical and mechanical properties of paving blocks, with a fixed cement-to-bottom ash ratio of 1:3 and fly ash additions of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were conducted on visual appearance, dimensions, water absorption, and compressive strength based on SNI 03–0691-1996. The results showed that all samples met Class D quality standards in terms of appearance, dimensions, and compressive strength, with the highest compressive strength found in the mix without fly ash (14.61 MPa) and the lowest in the 30% fly ash mix (9.02 MPa). However, none of the variations met the water absorption criteria, as the measured values exceeded the maximum allowable limit of 10%. The addition of fly ash tended to decrease compressive strength and increase the porosity of the paving blocks. Therefore, the proportion of fly ash must be optimized to support sustainable waste utilization without compromising material quality.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)
Series
Advances in Engineering Research
Publication Date
31 December 2025
ISBN
978-94-6463-926-1
ISSN
2352-5401
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_66How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Sartika Sartika
AU  - Syarifah Aqla
AU  - Firman Firman
AU  - Fajar Niko Rudianto
AU  - Muh Anhar
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/31
TI  - Technical Evaluation of Paving Blocks Utilizing Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Waste from Coal-Fired Power Plant
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 592
EP  - 600
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_66
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_66
ID  - Sartika2025
ER  -