Simulation of Lithium-Based Battery in Off-Grid Photovoltaic System as Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources in Indonesia

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_14How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Battery Sizing; Indonesian Archipelago; Lithium-Based Battery; Off-Grid PV System; Self-Consumption Energy

Abstract

This research investigates the prospects and performance of lithium-based batteries for off-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems, which have been proven crucial for enabling high solar energy penetration. It also quantifies how adding a lithium-based battery affects the energetic performance of off-grid PV systems under various climatic conditions in three big cities in Indonesia (Medan, Jakarta, and Denpasar). Since Indonesia lies on the equator line, solar irradiance can be captured during the daytime for a whole year. The development of PV power stations with that massive amount of solar irradiance is possible, whether it is on-grid or off-grid. Suppose all generated power is self-consumed (off-grid); then adding a lithium-ion battery with a certain capacity increases self-consumption considerably. Doubling the battery size marginally increases the average self-consumption. Simulation of the off-grid PV system with lithium-ion battery in the System Advisor Model (SAM) platform of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), showing that installing PV systems in locations with good solar resources is beneficial when excess electricity generation cannot be fed into the grid. Oversizing batteries significantly increases the penetration of the PV system. The performance of the designed off-grid PV system recorded that the annual AC energy in one year reached 71,000-76,000 kWh, with a DC capacity factor of 0.5%. The average energy yield in a year is 45.67 kWh/kW. Thus, it indicates that whether the PV system is on-grid or off-grid, Indonesia has great potential to develop PV power plants to fulfill the electricity needs for a better Indonesia.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Nelly Safiri
AU  - Rudi Syahputra
AU  - Riza Widia
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/31
TI  - Simulation of Lithium-Based Battery in Off-Grid Photovoltaic System as Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources in Indonesia
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 110
EP  - 118
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_14
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_14
ID  - Safiri2025
ER  -