Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)

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Reaction And Mixture Modelling to Improve the Quality of VCO As Biodiesel B40

Authors
Dessy M. Para1, *, Aris Palinggi1, Antonius Pangalinan1, Lukas Lantang1, Marsianus M. F. Hanmina1
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Kupang, Kupang, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: apapaling1@gmail.com
Corresponding Author
Dessy M. Para
Available Online 31 December 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_80How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Biodiesel VCO Quality; Reaction Modeling
Abstract

This study aims to improve the quality of virgin coconut oil (VCO) to be equivalent to B40 biodiesel when mixed with pure diesel for use as diesel engine fuel. A 60/40 diesel-VCO blend was prepared to maintain fuel quality. Using the Box-Behnken Response Surface method, transesterification was optimized by varying temperature, catalyst (H2SO4, KOH, NaOH), and agitation at 500 rpm. At 60 ℃ with 1% catalyst, VCO/methanol ratios of 5:1, 6:1, and 7:1 were tested, with NaOH 6:1 providing the best specifications: viscosity 3.6 cSt, calorific value 9008 cal/g, density 856 kg/m3, flash point 70 ℃, Cetane Number 43. The second transesterification at 55, 60 and 65 min and VCO/methanol 5,5:1, 6:1, 6.5:1 produced optimal results at 65 min and a VCO/methanol ratio of 6:1, with a viscosity of 3.55 cSt, density 855.5 kg/m3, calorific value 9012 cal/g, flash point 70 ℃, CN 45. Mixing the product with Pertamina Dex (40% VCO, 60% Pertamina Dex) produces CN 51, viscosity 2.9 cSt, heat 10,585 cal/g, density 828.3 kg/m3, close to Pertamina’s B40 biodiesel and suitable for diesel engines..

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)
Series
Advances in Engineering Research
Publication Date
31 December 2025
ISBN
978-94-6463-926-1
ISSN
2352-5401
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_80How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Dessy M. Para
AU  - Aris Palinggi
AU  - Antonius Pangalinan
AU  - Lukas Lantang
AU  - Marsianus M. F. Hanmina
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/31
TI  - Reaction And Mixture Modelling to Improve the Quality of VCO As Biodiesel B40
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 716
EP  - 724
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_80
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_80
ID  - Para2025
ER  -