Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)

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Improvement of Surface Mild Steel Material by added Carbon Element using Pack Carburizing Method

Authors
Nugroho Tri Atmoko1, *, Margono Margono2, Hendi Lilih Wijayanto3, Ghia Pisti Cikarge4, Jenal Sodikin1, Oto Prasadi5
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Cilacap, Cilacap, Indonesia
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Warga Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
3Department of Machine Maintenance Engineering, Politeknik Industri Logam Morowali, Morowali, Indonesia
4Department of Renewable Energy Engineering Technology, Politeknik Negeri Cilacap, Cilacap, Indonesia
5Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Politeknik Negeri Cilacap, Cilacap, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: nugroho.ta@pnc.ac.id
Corresponding Author
Nugroho Tri Atmoko
Available Online 31 December 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_45How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Carbon Powder; Diffusion; Hardness; Microstructure; Pack Carburizing
Abstract

One way to increase the surface hardness of a material is by adding carbon elements in a confined space under controlled temperature, a process known as pack carburizing. This study used the pack carburizing technique to explore the effects of different carbon powder sources on the hardness and microstructure of mild carbon steel. A furnace is used during the pack carburizing process with a holding time of 3 h and temperature of 950 ℃. The carbon powders used included bamboo, coconut shell, and cow bone charcoal, mixed with BaCo3 energizer at a ratio of 70% carbon powder to 30% BaCo3 (70:30 weight percentage). Hardness tests and microscopic analysis were conducted to assess the effects of each carbon element on the pack carburizing process. The findings revealed that pack carburizing increased the hardness of the material, with bamboo charcoal producing the highest hardness of 416.4 HVN or an increase of 59.4% when compared to the raw material of 156.8 HVN. In addition, microstructural analysis showed varying carbon diffusion depths depending on the carbon powder used, with bamboo charcoal achieving the best diffusion of 538 μm from the surface.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)
Series
Advances in Engineering Research
Publication Date
31 December 2025
ISBN
978-94-6463-926-1
ISSN
2352-5401
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_45How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Nugroho Tri Atmoko
AU  - Margono Margono
AU  - Hendi Lilih Wijayanto
AU  - Ghia Pisti Cikarge
AU  - Jenal Sodikin
AU  - Oto Prasadi
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/31
TI  - Improvement of Surface Mild Steel Material by added Carbon Element using Pack Carburizing Method
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2025 (iCAST-ES 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 395
EP  - 405
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_45
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-926-1_45
ID  - Atmoko2025
ER  -