Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities 2025 (ICEBSH 2025)

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Vicarious Liability for Tortious Acts: A Comparative Study of the Civil Code of Indonesia and the Netherlands

Authors
Gatot P. Soemartono1, *, Jason Novienco2
1Faculty of Law, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
2Yakin Bertumbuh Sekuritas, Jakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: gatots@fh.untar.ac.id
Corresponding Author
Gatot P. Soemartono
Available Online 29 December 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-495-2_27How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Vicarious Liability; Tortious Act; Subordinate; Indonesian Civil Code; Nieuw Burgerlijke Wetboek
Abstract

This article examines the implications of unlawful acts by corporate employees, which can harm both the corporation and its reputation. In civil law, aggrieved parties are entitled to seek compensation from the responsible party. However, when the perpetrator is an employee, principles of vicarious liability or alternative liability may apply. Both the Indonesian Civil Code and the new Dutch Civil Code (Nieuw Burgerlijk Wetboek, NBW) govern vicarious liability, but ongoing revisions to the Dutch code have created noticeable differences between the two legal frameworks. This study employs a normative legal research method to analyze these vicarious liability provisions in both legal systems, aiming to enhance legal certainty. The findings reveal significant distinctions in how Indonesia and the Netherlands treat vicarious liability, particularly within banking law. The evolution of vicarious liability in the NBW profoundly affects its application in banking cases. In conclusion, this comparative approach is essential for reforming existing Indonesian regulations concerning the restitution of assets to bank customers or victims. The goal is to ensure that aggrieved parties can effectively recover their losses while simultaneously safeguarding banks and corporations from the repercussions of ultra vires actions committed by their employees.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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<Previous Article In Volume
Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities 2025 (ICEBSH 2025)
Series
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
Publication Date
29 December 2025
ISBN
978-2-38476-495-2
ISSN
2352-5398
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-495-2_27How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Gatot P. Soemartono
AU  - Jason Novienco
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/29
TI  - Vicarious Liability for Tortious Acts: A Comparative Study of the Civil Code of Indonesia and the Netherlands
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities 2025 (ICEBSH 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 300
EP  - 315
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-495-2_27
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-495-2_27
ID  - Soemartono2025
ER  -