Design of an Operational Amplifier for Bandgap Reference Applications

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-821-9_93How to use a DOI?

Keywords

CMOS Operational Amplifier; Two-Stage op-amp; Bandgap Reference; Low Power; Frequency Compensation

Abstract

This paper presents the design and simulation of a two-stage CMOS operational amplifier tailored for bandgap reference applications. The proposed architecture comprises a differential input stage, a high-gain amplification stage, and a Miller compensation network to ensure high DC gain, low power dissipation, and stable dynamic performance. Key design considerations include the optimization of transistor dimensions, biasing currents, and frequency compensation techniques to achieve robust stability and enhanced performance. The amplifier is designed to maintain a phase margin exceeding 40 degrees, thereby ensuring stability across process, voltage, and temperature variations. Furthermore, a -3 dB bandwidth of 3 kHz is achieved, rendering the design suitable for precision low-frequency applications. Post-layout simulations based on a 180 nm CMOS process confirm that the proposed amplifier attains a DC gain of 80 dB while maintaining an ultra-low power consumption of 6 µA. These results validate the circuit’s suitability for precision analog applications requiring stable reference voltage generation in low-power systems.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Yuancheng Li
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/08/31
TI  - Design of an Operational Amplifier for Bandgap Reference Applications
BT  - Proceedings of the 2025 2nd International Conference on Mechanics, Electronics Engineering and Automation (ICMEEA 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 968
EP  - 977
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-821-9_93
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-821-9_93
ID  - Li2025
ER  -