Proceedings of the 2025 2nd International Conference on Mechanics, Electronics Engineering and Automation (ICMEEA 2025)

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Application of PID Controllers in Quadrotor UAVs

Authors
Jiangrui Zhang1, *
1School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
*Corresponding author. Email: 22010707@hdu.edu.cn
Corresponding Author
Jiangrui Zhang
Available Online 31 August 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-821-9_109How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Quadrotor; Linear PID Control; Nonlinear PID Control; Adaptive PID Control
Abstract

The proportional-integral-derivative control (PID) is the most popular approach in industry and commerce, due to its simplicity, low cost and effectiveness. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used widely nowadays, focusing on agriculture, recues and other fields. Quadrotors have nonlinear and strong coupling characteristics, and are underactuated systems due to having fewer rotors than degrees of freedom (DOFs). Therefore, this makes it hard to design a controller. PID has combined with other techniques to create more excellent controllers for its advantages. This paper presents a comprehensive review of PID control applications in quadrotor UAV systems, containing attitude control and trajectory tracking, focusing on the development of linear PID control, nonlinear PID control and adaptive PID control. Linear PID controllers are straightforward in parameters tuning. However, their robustness remains weak, and their adaptability to nonlinear systems is not sufficiently prominent. Nonlinear PID controllers are applicable to nonlinear systems, while plenty of parameter is under tuning. Adaptive PID controller can adjust parameter online according to dynamic scenes, making them suitable for complex environment. At last, 3 kinds of PID controllers are summarized, with the discussion of advantages and shortcomings of each controller, and their future directions.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the 2025 2nd International Conference on Mechanics, Electronics Engineering and Automation (ICMEEA 2025)
Series
Advances in Engineering Research
Publication Date
31 August 2025
ISBN
978-94-6463-821-9
ISSN
2352-5401
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-821-9_109How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Jiangrui Zhang
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/08/31
TI  - Application of PID Controllers in Quadrotor UAVs
BT  - Proceedings of the 2025 2nd International Conference on Mechanics, Electronics Engineering and Automation (ICMEEA 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 1145
EP  - 1156
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-821-9_109
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-821-9_109
ID  - Zhang2025
ER  -