The Effect of Bottom Ash and Palm Kernel Shell Waste (Elaeis Guineensis) Combination Also Drying Temperature on Briquette Characteristics

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-920-9_31How to use a DOI?

Keywords

briquettes; bottom ash; drying temperature; palm kernel shell

Abstract

Global energy demand continues to grow rapidly every year; therefore, alternative energy sources are needed to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and support long-term sustainability. Renewable energy offers a viable solution, with biomass being one of the most promising. However, by products of the combustion process are still underutilized and continue to accumulate, thus effect the environmental problems. So, in this research aims to (i) Examine the effect of composition of bottom ash and palm kernel shells also drying temperature on the characteristics of briquettes, and (ii) Examine the comparison of bottom ash and palm kernel shells on quality of briquettes according to SNI 01-6235-2000. Briquettes fabrication starts with, preparation, carbonization, size reduction, mixing, molding, drying, and analyzing of briquette (water content, ash content, fixed carbon, and volatile organic content). The result shows that the difference in the composition of bottom ash and palm kernel shell affects the ash content and fixed carbon content. Meanwhile, increasing the drying temperature has an effect on the lower water content and volatile matter content. The lower water content is influenced by two factors: increasing the drying temperature and the briquette porosity The variable that closest approaches the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard is for composition of bottom ash and palm kernel shells 20:80 with a drying temperature of 80˚C with a water content 3.20%, ash content 7.35%, fixed carbon content 55.54%, and volatile organic content 37.11%. The high heating value prediction shows that on the composition of bottom ash: palm kernel shell of 30:70 and the drying temperature of 80˚C with the value of 18.84 MJ/kg.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Sonya H. Raharjo
AU  - Faizal A. Rizki
AU  - Aprilia T. Cahyani
AU  - Dicta A. Putri
AU  - Rifdah Adilah
AU  - Adam Fatahilah
AU  - Boy A. Fachri
AU  - Felix A. Setiawan
AU  - Istiqomah Rahmawati
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/15
TI  - The Effect of Bottom Ash and Palm Kernel Shell Waste (Elaeis Guineensis) Combination Also Drying Temperature on Briquette Characteristics
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Innovations in Sustainable Engineering Solutions 2025 (ICONRISES 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 322
EP  - 332
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-920-9_31
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-920-9_31
ID  - Raharjo2025
ER  -