Occupational Safety and Health Risk Management and Its Impact on the Physical and Psychological Health of Nurses: A Literature Review from a HIRARC Perspective

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_10How to use a DOI?

Keywords

nurses; HIRARC; occupational safety; psychosocial; fatigue; musculoskeletal pain

Abstract

Nurses are frontline healthcare workers who play a vital role in the patient recovery process. However, behind this role, nurses face multidimensional and complex occupational hazards. These risks include biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic hazards, as well as psychosocial stressors that can significantly affect both physical and mental health. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) approach in managing occupational risks among hospital nurses and its impact on their well-being. The method used is a narrative literature review of 25 national and international scientific articles published between 2013 and 2025. The results indicate that ergonomic hazards have the highest prevalence (85%), followed by psychosocial hazards (72%) and biological hazards (65%). Ergonomic hazards are associated with chronic musculoskeletal disorders, while psychosocial stress leads to emotional exhaustion, prolonged stress, and burnout. Biological hazards increase anxiety due to infection risks. The HIRARC approach has proven effective in identifying, assessing, and controlling these risks through regular training, development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), work rotation management, and strengthening a safety culture. This study concludes that the comprehensive and consistent implementation of HIRARC is crucial in creating a safe, healthy work environment that holistically supports the well-being of nursing staff.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Download article (PDF)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nurul Evi
AU  - Achmad Masfi
AU  - Handini Nur Halizah
AU  - Azzahra Shafira Iwana
AU  - Zaskia Rey-sha
AU  - Hilya Kamila Zahra
AU  - Muhammad Nathan Adani
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/24
TI  - Occupational Safety and Health Risk Management and Its Impact on the Physical and Psychological Health of Nurses: A Literature Review from a HIRARC Perspective
BT  - Proceedings of the Malang International Conference on Medical and Health Sciences (MICROMEDHS 2026)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 111
EP  - 118
SN  - 2468-5739
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_10
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_10
ID  - Evi2026
ER  -