Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Young Adult Women: A Narrative Review

Zulaini Zulaini; Etti Sudaryati; Dedi Ardinata; Sri Rahayu Sanusi

doi:10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_20

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Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Young Adult Women: A Narrative Review

Authors

Zulaini Zulaini¹^{, *}, Etti Sudaryati¹, Dedi Ardinata², Sri Rahayu Sanusi¹

¹Departemen of Public Health, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

²Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

^*Corresponding author. Email: zulaini@unimed.ac.id

Corresponding Author

Zulaini Zulaini

Available Online 24 October 2026.

DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_20 How to use a DOI?
Keywords: Bone Mineral Density; Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Young Adult Women; Peak Bone Mass; Narrative Review
Abstract: Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a critical determinant of skeletal strength and osteoporosis risk. Young adulthood is a pivotal period for achieving peak bone mass; however, sedentary behavior threatens optimal bone development. Regular physical activity—particularly weight-bearing and resistance exercise—provides mechanical loading that stimulates bone remodeling and enhances BMD, supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3. This narrative review summarizes current evidence (2020–2026) regarding physical activity and BMD in healthy young adult women aged 18–30 years, using literature from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The findings consistently show that active women maintain higher BMD than sedentary peers. Weight-bearing exercises, resistance training, and sports participation foster greater bone mineral accrual, whereas prolonged sedentary time correlates with reduced BMD. Exercise parameters (intensity, frequency, duration), nutrition, and body composition further moderate bone health. In conclusion, regular physical activity is essential for optimizing peak bone mass in young women, aiding osteoporosis prevention and promoting lifelong health.
Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s)
Open Access: Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title: Proceedings of the Malang International Conference on Medical and Health Sciences (MICROMEDHS 2026)
Series: Advances in Health Sciences Research
Publication Date: 24 October 2026
ISBN: 978-94-6239-807-8
ISSN: 2468-5739
DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_20 How to use a DOI?
Open Access: Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

ris enw bib

TY  - CONF
AU  - Zulaini Zulaini
AU  - Etti Sudaryati
AU  - Dedi Ardinata
AU  - Sri Rahayu Sanusi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/24
TI  - Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Young Adult Women: A Narrative Review
BT  - Proceedings of the Malang International Conference on Medical and Health Sciences (MICROMEDHS 2026)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 249
EP  - 255
SN  - 2468-5739
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_20
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_20
ID  - Zulaini2026
ER  -

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