The Application, Challenges, and Outlook of Large Language Models in Urban Energy Governance

DOI

10.2991/978-2-38476-475-4_17How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Large Language Models; Urban Energy Governance; Dual Carbon Goals; Smart Cities; Foundation Models; Explainable AI

Abstract

Under the push of worldwide city growth and ‘dual carbon’ goals, old ways of managing city energy faces problems like broken data, complex systems, and slow decision-making. Large Language Models (LLMs), also called Foundation Models, like Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT), gives key tech support for changing urban energy governance ways, because they can good at natural language processing, mixing multi-modal data, and doing complex reasoning. This paper deeply studies how LLMs can be used in city energy management, what problems may happen, and the ways to combine them together. First, it builds up a theory system for combining LLMs and city energy management together. Second, it deeply discusses how LLMs can be used in four main areas, including smart energy policy analysis, exact demand-side management, clever infrastructure operation and maintenance, and also guiding public participation behaviors. Third, the paper seriously looks at big problems from using them, like data not fair and who controls it, how much energy models use and CO2 they make, the ‘black box’ where can’t see why decisions come out, also keeping data safe and private. At last, for pushing the proper use of LLMs, this paper gives a combined way including ‘human-machine team-up’ management, saving energy and making model smaller, clear rules and who-to-blame systems, plus data control and rights safety. The research thinks LLMs cannot solve all city energy problems like magic, but they are strong tools that need careful planning, good rules and many people working together. Future studies must pay more attention to making special big models for different fields, making big progress in Explainable AI (XAI) tech, and building cross-subject management systems so that city energy can become smart, fast, fair and lasting.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Zhihao Xu
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/11/11
TI  - The Application, Challenges, and Outlook of Large Language Models in Urban Energy Governance
BT  - Proceedings of the 2025 10th International Conference on Modern Management, Education and Social Sciences (MMET 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 135
EP  - 142
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-475-4_17
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-475-4_17
ID  - Xu2025
ER  -