Utilization of Geospatial Interpolation Technique for Evaluation of Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI): A Case Study in Coastal Odisha, India

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-940-7_40How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Geospatial interpolation; Groundwater pollution index; GIS; water quality

Abstract

The groundwater quality in coastal regions is significantly threatened by changing climate conditions. The purpose of this investigation is to quantify the pollution level of groundwater quality by analysing physicochemical characteristics of twenty water samples along the coastal tract of Odisha. Considering the seriousness of the problem and the concerns voiced by civil society, a conventional numerical model is used in conjunction with geospatial approaches to evaluate the water quality. Water quality parameters are examined through the application of the Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI), along with integrated interpolation and geographical information systems (GIS) for spatial mapping of pollution zones. The results demonstrate that the waters in the study area exhibit salinity and possess medium to high concentrations of major ions that exceed the defined limits for drinking water quality. Anions are dominated by Cl⁻, which is followed by SO₄^2-, HCO₃-, and NO₃, while cations are dominated by Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺. The pollution index of the research area varies from 0.42 to 7.18. Based on the GPI values, 40% of the water samples are categorized as highly polluted, 15% are classified as moderately polluted, while the remaining 45% are free from pollution. This finding highlights the influence of natural factors on the groundwater quality of the study area and the subsequent changes that result from ongoing human activities. The GPI numerical model and geospatial interpolation of pollution zones serve as valuable tools for developing and implementing effective strategies for the sustainable management of groundwater resources.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Smruti Pragyan Parija
AU  - Emmanuel Gaen
AU  - Somnath Khaoash
AU  - Atulya Kumar Mohanty
AU  - Pallavi Nayak
AU  - Patitapaban Mishra
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/31
TI  - Utilization of Geospatial Interpolation Technique for Evaluation of Groundwater Pollution Index (GPI): A Case Study in Coastal Odisha, India
BT  - Proceedings of the Conference on Social and Sustainable Innovation in Technology & Engineering (SASI-ITE 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 547
EP  - 558
SN  - 1951-6851
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-940-7_40
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-940-7_40
ID  - Parija2025
ER  -