A Comprehensive Review on Micro RNA In Medical Domain

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-813-4_29How to use a DOI?

Keywords

MicroRNAs; tRNA; mRNA; Translation; Gene Regulation Interactions; Protein Synthesis; Disease Progression; Cellular Stress; Ribosome Dynamics

Abstract

Micro RNAs, commonly known as miRNAs, are short-stranded non-coding RNA sequences that are of extreme importance in the regulation of gene expression since they are involved in the stability and the translational efficiency of them RNAs. MiRNAs were almost exclusively studied in relation to their target mRNA molecules, however recently some studies imply that miRNAs may have an ability to control the position of tRNA relative to the mRNA providing another layer of regulation to various functioning processes in a cell such as protein production synthesis, stress, and diseases. In this paper, we consequently shed light on the contribution of miRNAs on tRNA and mRNA interface translation as in ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of translation. For a long time, this duo of tRNA– an adapter RNA, that carries amino acids, and mRNA – the RNA that is encoded with the code, was considered as two distinct components. But it is coming into light that miRNA’s help these two types of RNA to communicate. This is achieved through the ability of miRNAs to recognize perfectly matched regions in both mRNA and tRNA allowing them to control the supply and activity of the equipment needed for translation and consequently the level of proteins produced within the cellular environment. In this article, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of interaction mediated by miRNAs, including regulation of tRNA modifications and ribosome dynamics, and where possible, their biological and pathological significance, including stress response, metabolic processes, diseases like cancer and neuro degeneration. tRNA, mRNA and miRNA do not exist in isolation; miRNAs are integral to RNA interactions within a cell, reiterating the functional significance of miRNAs. By resolving these intricate webs of interactions, one is able to appreciate the cellular processes that have to do with eukaryotic cell regulation and disease processes that are associated with erratic behavior of RNA.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Guru Raghavendra Gogineni
AU  - Srikala Kamireddy
AU  - N. Deepa Ramani
AU  - Shabana Parveen
AU  - Averineni Ravi Kumar
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/08/13
TI  - A Comprehensive Review on Micro RNA In Medical Domain
BT  - Proceedings of the International symposium on Sustainable Drug Design and Nanoparticle development: Quantum and Computational Perspectives (SDDNDQCP 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 378
EP  - 392
SN  - 2468-5739
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-813-4_29
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-813-4_29
ID  - Gogineni2025
ER  -