Advances in Physics Research

A geothermal system is basically a system where heat is transferred from the internal part to the surface of the earth dominantly by conduction, convection, or both. The spatial variation of the magnitude of conductive heat transfer represented by lateral variation of observed surface heat flow values...

Ulcerative colitis is chronic nonspecific colitis. Now,the main first-line drugs are preparations with mesalazine. Chemical name of mesalazine is 5- aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which one of colon target drugs has function of anti-inflammatory by inhibit process of leukotriene, prostaglandin E(PG) and...

In this work, we investigate the representation of numbers as sums of powers of prime numbers. It is shown that all sufficiently large integers are sums of some ascending even prime powers.

The application of matrices to cryptographic problems, especially with Hill Chiper algorithm, needs an invertible matrix as a key and a plaintext’s difuser. One of the invertible matrices is a Hadamard matrix (H). The Hadamard matrix is applied to cryptographic problems with Hill Chiper algorithm by...

Previously we built a Max-Plus Algebraic model for the problem of the hierarchical structure of the Semi-Double Track railway line based on the Petri Net model. Then we also perform a delay simulation on the model obtained. Based on this research, we conclude that the Petri Net model does not reflect...

Fabricating porous material can be done using various raw materials, one of them uses plant-based natural fiber to form composite materials. In this research, the natural fibers of sugarcane waste are synthesized into micro cellulose. Subsequently, the micro cellulose is developed as a filler for the...

A kind of rare earth copolymerizd monodisperse poly (methyl methacrylate) microspheres material was synthesized through dispersion polymerization. The chemical structure and chemical properties of the material were characterized by means of canning electronic microscope morphology (SEM), ultraviolet...

A monitoring of human postural balance in bipedal standing is an important parameter in medicine, related to balance disorder. A Human Postural Balance Monitoring System in Bipedal Standing (HPBMSBS) consists of a 3- axis digital position sensor module, a Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) 4, and a PC-display....

Ternary lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC), was prepared by mixing tetradecyltrimethylamonium bromide (MTAB), water and azobenzene (Az). The phase transition of the LLC was induced from LC phase to isotropic (I) one upon Ar+ laser, which was owing to the trans-cis-trans phoisomerizaion cycle of Az during...

The public’s need for catfish consumption increases every year. To increase catfish production, good quality feed is needed that meets nutritional needs and stimulates catfish production. Catfish can grow well if their nutritional intake is adequate, especially protein requirements. However, fish need...

Male infertility, which accounts for about 50% of all infertility cases, is assessed through sperm morphology analysis. However, the complex variation of sperm shapes often complicates the diagnosis process. Automated systems offer a more accurate solution than manual selection. This study aims to implement...

Petobo as the location of the research area is part of the city of Palu in Indonesia, namely in the South Palu sub-district area. The topographic profile of this region is a flat area, most of which is used as rice fields and some have developed into residential areas. In Palu city planning. Before the...

In this paper we discusses Moore-Penrose inverse in symmetrized max-plus algebraic matrix. The existence of Moore-Penrose inverse is shown using a link among symmetrized max-plus algebra and conventional algebra. The result is a Moore-Penrose inverse in symmetrized max-plus algebraic matrix exists. Furthermore,...

In order to study the influence of Isopropyl Nitrate on combustion characteristics of triple-base propellant, the combustion of triple-base propellant was tested with closed bomb. Combustion characteristic parameters including maximum pressure, combustion time, gas generated brisance, pressure impulse,...

Practical activities can help teachers deliver material because students are directly involved and observing. In addition, practical activities also help students understand concepts. This research aims to make teaching aids to understand the concept of light propagation on fibre optic cables in schools....

Sound absorption performance of cavity backed perforated panel on respect to the influence of flexible perforated membrane insertion was investigated by using a laboratory experiment. A layer of perforated flexible membrane was fitted inside the cavity backed MPP and the sound absorption coefficient...

Let G(V(G), E(G)) be a connected, undirected, and simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). For a bijective function f : V ( G ) ⟶ ...

The importance of the quantum chemical method and thermal decomposition kinetics on double-base propellant was reviewed. The main analysis methods and theory mode of thermal decomposition kinetics were enumerated and analyzed. It is significant to put quantum chemical method and thermal decomposition...

A comparison of second order and high order (4th, 8th and 12th order) of finite difference staggered-grid method on 2D P-SV elastic wave propagation has been conducted. The comparison plot of numerical dispersion and accuracy among each order has been generated to show the stability condition. CUDA C...

Cuprous iodide (CuI) is a p-type semiconductor material with wide band gap, which has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of its unique photoelectric characteristic and potential application in solar cells. This article presents the preparation of Ag doped and undoped CuI films on...

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to improve the performance of multiple related prediction tasks by leveraging useful information from them. Due to their flexibility and ability to reduce unknown coefficients substantially, the task-clustering-based MTL approaches have attracted considerable attention....

Tsunamis are sea waves generated by sudden disturbances in the ocean, resulting from changes in the seabed’s shape, causing sea water to rise to the surface. Almost every year earthquakes with the potential for tsunamis always occur in all countries in the world. No one knows when a tsunami will occur,...

This paper discusses the properties of the Rn module over the matrix ring Mn×n(R) related to the torsion module, prime module, multiplication module, and faithful module. The study results concluded that the Rn module over the matrix ring Mn×n(R) is a torsion module because each element of Rn is a torsion...

Sensitivity issue becomes a common problem on Electrical Impedance Tomography. One effort to overcome this issue is through inducing a magnetic field. It needs proper inducer coil configuration in order to produce a good reconstruction result. In this study, inducer coil configuration is obtained to...

This research was conducted in the Seropan underground river in the Gunung Sewu karst, Gunung Kidul Regency. This study aimed to identify some of the flood hydrograph properties of the Seropan underground river to characterize the karst aquifer. A water level data logger is installed to detect underground...

In this report, a kind of fatty acid esters of isethionate was synthesized with myristic acid and sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate as raw materials and methane sulfonic acid as catalyst. Then, the effects of molar ratio of reactants, reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and reaction time on the product...

This study examined diurnal and seasonal variability in secondary weather parameters- refractivity, refractivity gradient, k-factor, and field strength- over Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Results showed significant diurnal variations, with maximum refractivity of 375 N-units and k-factor of 1.48 in the early hours,...

Interpretation of the subsurface rock layer structure model has been carried out using geomagnetic data in the Palu Valley. Geomagnetic data is obtained through field measurements using the Proton Precision Magnetometer. Modeling is done using total magnetic field intensity data. The research objective...

The Blood Donor Unit (UDD) is a unit that facilitates the community, especially in the field of blood services, under the auspices of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI). Some of the activities at UDD PMI include providing blood and distributing blood. Before blood is given to the recipient, it must first...

Frequency dependent attenuation of seismic waves that propagate through the partially fluid saturated porous rock will be observed. The new method for estimation of frequency dependent attenuation will be developed. The frequency dependent attenuation will be calculated in time-frequency domain which...

Shrink packaging is a packaging way which is widely used in the field of modern goods packaging. Its packaging forms, the development of new technology and application field ware summarized. Its outstanding features, such as transparent and intuitive, efficient, seal and moistureproof, flexible and convenient...

Lampung is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is renowned for its rich cultural heritage. Among its internationally famous legacies is the Tapis Lampung. It is a woven fabric crafted using traditional weaving techniques and embellished with gold or silver threads. Within the Lampung community, Tapis...

The complex conjugate approach could be used easily to solve derivatives analytically for some simple cases in calculus. These cases are common topics in calculus which are functions of trigonometry, hyperbole, exponential and logarithm. In general, the derivative obtained from the component v is rearranged...

In the industrial era 5.0, everything can be done online. The same applies to travel, whether booking public transportation tickets for a vacation, or booking a hotel room at the desired destination. One example of such an application is Traveloka on the Google Play Store for android users. Long Short...

A new photochchromic diarylethene was synthesized and explored, which is named 1-[2-methyl-5-(2- pyridyl)-3thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-5- 4-bromomethylphenyl -3- thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene. The results showed that it have excellent photochromism, accompanied with the color change from colorless to blue,...

An unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene, 1-[2- methyl-5-(4-n-amyl-phenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-1-phenyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1o), has been synthesized. Its photochromic properties were examined. The results showed that this compound exhibited reversible photochromism and undergo reversible cyclization...

Instrumentation system for testing of conductive concrete material using four-electrode method has been built. The system can measure material resistivity under the influence of voltage-injection variable, temperature changing in the characterization reactor, as well as the duration of the material characterization....

This study aims to develop rainbow antimagic coloring. A graph G is said to be a rainbow antimagic coloring if there is a bijection function f : V ( G ) → ...

Drying is the final step of the film processing cycle which aims to remove the water present in the emulsion layer. The result of the film processing is an undamaged emulsion, free from dust particles, crystal deposits, stains, and artifacts. This research aims to make radiography film dryer with a timer....

The increase in energy demand and reduced energy reserve, other alternative energy sources that are more environmentally friendly are needed, one of which is solar cells. Among several types of solar cells, Dye Sensitized Solar Cell is a type of solar cell that can produce electricity more efficiently....

Research has been carried out on the identification of andesite rock distribution using the geoelectric method of resistivity in Buluri Village, Ulujadi District, Palu City. This study aims to identify the distribution of andesite rocks using the Automatic Array Scanning (AAS) measurement method with...

Simulation of seismic wave propagation has been very important way to study the relation between a specific condition of earth medium and seismogram recorded during a seismic event such as an earthquake. In this study, a numerical modelling of P-SV wave propagation in elastic heterogeneous medium has...

In order to reduce cost and contain properties, GPTMS-boehmite transparent and hard coating film was prepared by replacing boehmite with aluminium isopropoxide (AIP), and modified by hydrolyzed TEOS. By the research of the process, a cheap transparent coating film with a pencil hardness of 4H and adhesion...

A novel photochromic diarylethene bearing a pyrimidine moiety, 1-(2,4-dimethoxyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-2-[2- methyl-5-(3-methyl)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene has been synthesized. Its properties, including photochromic and fluorescent behaviors, have been investigated. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromism,...

Freshwater ornamental fish are one of the fishery commodities with economic value. Freshwater ornamental fish have high prices, thereby fish farmer can open business opportunities that quite profitable. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the health of the fish. This study aimed to identify parasites...

The aim of this research work was to examine the performance of 5G network signal in Abuja in the rainy season with respect to some atmospheric elements. The research made use of data of 5G network signal parameters like the upload speed, download speed, ping, and RSSI measured with speed test and QualiPoc...

Inferred Menanga fault is one of fault that is still questionable whether it exists or not. It is located in Pesawaran regency, Lampung, exactly near Ratai Mountain with SE-W orientation and almost crosses the summit of Mount Ratai. The existence is sticking out and needs to be studied since there were...

Indonesia grapples with the pervasive issue of poverty that undermines the well-being of its citizens. Recognizing the diverse characteristics of each region in Indonesia, effective poverty alleviation policies must be tailored through a nuanced approach. Therefore, this research is crucial as it aims...

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1- (3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-{2-methyl-5-[4-(1,3-dioxolane)- phenyl]-3-thienyl}perfluorocyclopentene (1o) has been synthesized. Its properties have been discussed systematically, including photochromic, fluorescence switch and kinetics experiments in...

The application of sludge granulation was regarded as one of the promising biotechnologies in wastewater treatment. Anaerobic sludge granulation process is a multistage process that is decided by many factors such as operational condition, substrate and so on. After summarizing the existing mechanisms...

A thin film of PPIA synthesized from polycondensation reaction of itaconic acid (IA) and 1,3-propanediol (PDO) with spin coating method has been made. To develop the film property, various glycerols (gly) were added during reaction to form PPIA film with 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% of the total weight of...

The Shortest Path Problem (SPP) is one of the fundamental network optimization problems widely applied in various fields, including transportation and telecommunications. This research, which presents a novel approach, conducts a comparative study of various algorithms, including Genetic Algorithms (GA),...

A novel unsymmetrical isomeric photochromic diarylethene, 1-{2-methyl-[5-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- thienyl}-2-{[2-methyl-5-(3-chlorine)phenyl]-3- thienyl}perfluorocyclopentene, was designed and synthesized. Its fluorescent and photochromic properties were also investigated in detail. The compound...

Determination of East Kalimantan, particularly Sepaku Sub-District, Panajam Paser Utara Regency, and Kutai Karta Negara Regency as the New Capital City of Indonesia requires an in-depth and comprehensive study of various aspects, including the natural disaster of the earthquake. Based on earthquake records...

Quantum key distribution can produce real-time quantum keys between nodes in different places. Its application is limited by the optical fiber environment and cannot be directly applied to mobile Internet or Internet of Things. This paper describes the application of quantum keys to mobile Internet or...

A power ratio of Savonius as a vertical wind type has been predicted using an artificial neural network (ANN) with a backpropagation algorithm. The ANN is a method for processing information that is adapted from a biological neuron. This method is developed from the principle of a human being’s brain...

An asymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-(2- cyano-1,5-dimethyl-4-pyrryl)-2-{(2-methyl-4hydroxymethylphe -nyl)-3-thienyl}perfluorocyclopentene (1o) was synthesized and its photochromic properties as well as reaction kinetics were investigated in detail. Upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, diarylethene...

EPS templates attaching a compressed powder disk on a surface that are mainly consisted of Ni-WC powders were prepared. High manganese molten steels were poured into the templates forming a surface alloyed sample using V-EPC process. After water quenching from 1050ºC, the microstructures of the steels...

DSSC is a permanent alternative energy device in the form of environmentally friendly photoelectrochemical as a renewable energy source. So, the Efficiency of DSSC is still varied and relatively low. Therefore, in this study, a study was conducted on the effect of the composition of rGO/TiO2 as a photoanode...

Georadar method with radar reflection profiling configuration and geoelectrical method with dipole-dipole configuration has been done to determine the lithology, fracture characteristics of weak zone or fault that could potentially result of mass movement in Liwa, Lampung Barat. This research was conducted...

The aim of this research is to simulate the transmittance of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application. Simulation was performed using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method based on Maxwell equation for flat and nano cone periodically surface textured of FTO....

There has been an increase of the COVID-19 case in December, 2023. For this reason, learning from previous data is needed to anticipate so that the spike in COVID-19 cases does not happen again. This study aims to identify risk factors that influence the survival of COVID-19 patients using the Cox proportional...

An unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene, 1-(2-methyl-5-(4-tolyl)-3-thienyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-npentyl phenyl)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene was synthesized, and its photochromic properties, kinetics of the photochromic cyclization/cycloreversion and fluorescence were investigated in detail. The...

We study the Initial-Boundary Value problem (IBVP) for a nonlinear Dirac equation with vector self-interaction (Thirring model), and obtain local existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence on initial data in low-regularity spaces. Moreover, we get the global existence for initial data in ...

Based on the current proposed three type Padé approximations of fully ionized hydrogen plasmas. Using Fortran program, we calculated the Helmholtz free energy of hydrogen plasmas and made a comparison of these Helmholtz free energy. It is concluded that the dimensionless parameter feec of W.Stolzmann’s...

Koi fish (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) have high aesthetic appeal and promising economic value, making them highly sought after by fish farmers. However, the primary challenge in koi fish farming is determining the most efficient and effective conditions, particularly regarding stocking density and optimal...

The evolution of mobile communication networks has been driven by rapid technological advancements, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the integration of AI and ML in communication networks. The study focuses on the...

A novel asymmetrical photochromic diarylethene compound 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-3- benzothiophenyl]perfluorocyclopentene 1o has been synthesized, its photochromic properties and fluorescent properties were investigated in detail, such as photochromic, fluorescence switch and kinetics...

Cavity sound pressure level is a very important measure when dealing with the design of resonator based power generating sound absorbers and sound diffusers. This paper presents results from experimental study of the performance of the second generation iARG-X2 power generating Helmholtz resonator. The...

Today, lung cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, with an early sign of Lung Nodule. One of the standard procedures to detect it is a radiological examination using Computed Tomography (CT) Scan technology. This study aims to describe the use of CT Scan to detect the presence of lung...

In 2006 a large earthquake ever occurred in the province of Yogyakarta, which caused considerable damage. This is the basis need to investigate the seismic vulnerability index in around of the earthquake zone. This research is called microzonation of earthquake hazard. This research has been conducted...

One of the areas in Indonesia that are at risk of being affected by disasters is East Kalimantan. East Kalimantan is designated as IKN (State Capital City) by the government of the Republic of Indonesia. East Kalimantan was chosen as the new IKN due to its geographical location in the middle of the Indonesian...

Histone crotonylation is one of newly identified post-translational modification. It may lead to changes in structure and function of proteins due to its power in gene expression regulation. Various kind of diseases have been found to be associated with this modification. That makes it indispensable...

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1- [2-methyl-5- trimethylsilacetenyl-3-thienyl]-2-[2-Cyanophenyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1o) were synthesized. Under alternating irradiation with UV and visible light, the compounds showed favorable photochromism in hexane. The product changing from colorless...

Suppose G is a bounded, connected, and undirected graph. Let V(G) and E(G) be the vertex set and edge set, respectively. The subset D of V(G) is a subset of the graph G that dominates it efficiently if every vertex in G is either in D or adjacent to a vertex in D. The subset M of V(G) is the complete...

We study the behavior of numerical entropy production of shallow water flows along channel by varying width. The topography is assumed to be horizontal, but the channel width can be in an arbitrary shape. The flows are governed by the system of shallow water equations. These equations are numerically...

The Camba Formation (Tmcv) of Tertiary age is spread over the southern part of South Sulawesi, especially in Gowa and Maros Regencies. The Camba Formation, which consists of igneous rocks from the ancient Camba volcano, has different mineral characteristics. Analysis of mineral characteristics using...

The comparisons of fastness of the different coating processes of electroless silver plating on polyethylene membrane surfaces were investigated. The average fastness values of the impregnation (from 2.0 ± 0.5 in I3-1 to 4.0 ± 0.5 in I2-1), the brush (from 4.0 ± 0.3 in B3-1 to 4.5 ± 0.3 in B2-1) and...

Modified electrospinning apparatus has been developed for continually fabricating nanofiber-coated microfibers. Two positively charged spinnerets were introduced and the PVA microfibers containing silver nanowires (AgNWs) were acted as the grounded collector. The prepared PVA/AgNWs microfiber moved through...

The comparison of their frequency-phase velocity (FV) diagrams from both 8 and 24 channels seismic surface wave active data (MASW) have been carried out. This conducted to show the effectiveness of smaller amounts of geophones for MASW acquitision and comparing the processing FV results. Several data...

That publicity to extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic fields can save and suppress the increase and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, which have a vital role in the process of meal spoilage. This has a look at pursuits to have a look at the “Resilience of broiler meat thru exposure to extremely...

In 2021, Sigi Regency is the area with the highest level of diabetes mellitus in Central Sulawesi Province, as evidenced by the number of patients at RSUD Tora Belo which continues to increase where in 2020 there were 466 patients and in 2021 it increased to 526 patients. Accurate classification of people...

A research on caustic fusion method of zircon concentrate has been conducted with applied single and double steps of leaching and filtration. The aims of research are to produce zirconia, ZrO2, with high purity, to study its crystal structure and cell parameters and also comparing the results of single,...

The increasing population growth and rapid development of Pekalongan in recent years have caused an increase in clean water needs that cannot be fulfilled from surface water due to pollution problems, so people prefer to use groundwater. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the aquifer system to know...

Pegunungan Bintang district with the capital Oksibil, almost all of its territory is mountains of karst, especially in the west area, people living in the mountain slopes and small valleys in small groups, scattered and isolated. Karst areas, in general, has a lot of subsurface cavities at a developed...

Feeding is closely related to the growth and survival of fish. Different types of feed will result in different outcomes. The comet fish (Carassius auratus), being one of the most popular ornamental fish, has led to the rise of many comet fish farming businesses. This research aims to determine the most...

This paper introduced a novel and efficient inorganic antibacterial material technique, which used hydroxyapatite (HAP) as a carrier, taking the method of co-precipitation and ion-exchange to prepare Titanium/metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+) and then combined with hydroxyapatite (HAPTiM). According to the...

Fatigue test of Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg-0.3Si-(0.3Ce) alloy with solution plus artificial aging treatment state was carried out on fatigue experimental machine. The low cycle fatigue behavior and fracture behavior of Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg- 0.3Si-(0.3Ce) alloys were studied. The results show that Al- 4.5Cu-0.6Mg-0.3Si-(0.3Ce)...

An optimization of quadrifilar helical antenna is presented in this paper. The radiation characteristic is achieved by the geometry of the helices, the dimensions of the radiation is determined by the height and frequency of the operation. The antenna provides a gain of 2.8 dB at 1.5 GHz. An impedance...

This study evaluates the manufacturing process of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) reinforced PLA nanocomposites using a semi-crystalline grade of polylactic acid (PLA). The objective of this study was to obtain uniform dispersion of MFC in a PLA compound of semi-crystalline grade of PLA. The nanocomposites...

In the stabilizer formalism of quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation, stabilizer states, as common eigenstates (with the eigenvalue 1) of operators in maximal Abelian subgroups of the Pauli group, play the role of classical states, while magic (non-stabilizer) states are quantum...

In this work we present the simulation analysis of a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based capacitive pressure sensor for the measurement of blood pressure in the range 0 - 40kPa. We consider a circular corrugated silicon diaphragm and simulate the diaphragm’s response to the applied pressure....

Stunting is a global problem due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections in children, characterized by below standard height. This problem does not only occur in Indonesia and can be caused by various health and social factors. Modeling toddler stunting based on factors is an important step...

Solar activities eject high energetic particles, instead of electromagnetic radiation. The well-know solar activity main indicator is the existence of sunspot which has mean variation in 11 years, named by solar cycle. Solar activities are related to the space weather affecting all planets atmospheric...

Literacy is an important skill in the 21st Century. The research aims to describe the ability of elementary school students with field dependent and field independent cognitive style in Mathematical literacy. Type of this research was qualitative research. The research subject was student of SDIT Ar-Risalah...

Lampung language is one of the endangered regional languages in Indonesia, with the number of native speakers continuing to decline. One of the efforts to preserve this language is to utilize Speech-to-Text (STT) technology, which enables voice-to-text transcription to efficiently document the language....

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Fe2O3 and 0.48 1.95 wt% Au/3DOM Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared using the poly(methyl methacrylate)-templating and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction methods, respectively. It is found that the porous catalysts with a surface area of 45 46 m2/g were of...

Emulsion is a semi-synthetic working fluid with high performance, whose chemical components mainly include water, base oil, surfactant, rust-inhibiting additive, etc. It has been widely used in industrial processing, but the assessment on its composition effect generally still depends on the intuitive...

Research has been conducted on the analysis of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles based on iron sand. The purpose of this study was to produce nickel ferrite nanoparticles and to determine the physical and optical properties of nickel ferrite nanoparticles. In this study, the synthesis of nickel...

Analysis of power spectrum of the satellite gravity anomalies data has been carried out to estimate the thickness of sediment deposits in the Purwokerto-Purbalingga Groundwater Basin. Power spectrum analysis uses the Fourier transform principle by converting data from the space domain to the frequency...