Blood Stream Infections (BSI) Among Hemodialysis Patients: Microbiological Profile and Challenges for Infection Control

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-756-9_7How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Catheter-related blood stream infections; Blood Culture; Hemodialysis; Central venous catheter

Abstract

Background

Hemodialysis catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSI) pose a major challenge in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis by increasing associated morbidity and mortality.

Objective

To determine the incidence, risk factors and microbiological profile of CRBSI in individuals receiving hemodialysis through central venous line (CVC) at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted over one year, incorporating a quality improvement initiative that involved real-time data collection, root cause analysis, and implementation of infection control interventions to reduce CRBSI incidence. The study included all patients with chronic renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis, aged > 18 years, and who had a CVC catheter (tunneled or non-tunneled) for > 48 h. CRBSI diagnosis followed IDSA criteria. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were collected.

Results

A total of 96 patients were suspected of sepsis based on signs and symptoms. Of these, 34 patients were diagnosed with CRBSI, with a rate of 1.9 cases /1000 catheter days. During the study period, 430 patients required a total of 485 temporary venous access insertions, accounting for total of 17,035 catheter days. Of the total isolates, 17 (50%) were gram-negative bacteria, 14 (41%) were gram-positive bacteria, and 3 (8%) were fungi (2 Candida species and one Trichosporon species). The most common single causative agent was Staphylococcus aureus (26%). Most of the Gram-negative isolates belong to classes commonly known for multidrug resistance.

Conclusion

Gram-negative pathogens contribute increasingly to CRBSI in hemodialysis patients, underscoring the need for robust infection control measures.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Sumit Chavan
AU  - Kalpana Angadi
AU  - Girish Kumthekar
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/31
TI  - Blood Stream Infections (BSI) Among Hemodialysis Patients: Microbiological Profile and Challenges for Infection Control
BT  - Proceedings of the Conference on Bioengineering for Global Health (SYMRESEARCH 2.0 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 75
EP  - 90
SN  - 2468-5747
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-756-9_7
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-756-9_7
ID  - Chavan2026
ER  -