Emergent Issues on Citizens’ Rights to Protest in Nigeria

DOI

10.2991/978-2-38476-555-3_9How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Nigeria; Right to Protest; Freedom of Expression

Abstract

The right of citizens to protest is a fundamental pillar of democracy and a vital component of human rights. It embodies the collective voice of the populace and provides a powerful mechanism for demanding accountability, justice, and societal change. In Nigeria, this right is enshrined in Sections 39 and 40 of the 1999 Constitution, which guarantee freedom of expression and association. However, like in many jurisdictions, these freedoms are not absolute. The Constitution allows for restrictions in specific circumstances, including matters of national security, public safety, public order, public morality, and public health. However, in recent years, Nigeria has witnessed growing challenges to its citizens’ right to protest. These challenges have sparked heated debates surrounding the limitations, enforcement, and human rights implications of protest regulations. The Nigerian government has often been accused of arbitrarily denying the right to expression and protest beyond the constitutional exceptions. Such actions have fostered an atmosphere of fear, stifled opposition voices, and led to significant infringements on Nigerians’ right to peaceful assembly. This tension between constitutional rights and statutory provisions raises critical questions about the balance of power between the state and its citizens. This article examines the emergent issues surrounding the right to protest in Nigeria, arguing that peaceful protests and expression are among the most effective tools Nigerians possess for combating injustice and poor governance. Arbitrary restrictions on these rights threaten human rights, the rule of law, and the very foundations of democracy in Nigeria.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Download article (PDF)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ayoade Onireti
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/03/13
TI  - Emergent Issues on Citizens’ Rights to Protest in Nigeria
BT  - Proceeding of The Future of Life - Legal, Scientific, and Geopolitical Challenges (TFOL2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 123
EP  - 137
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-555-3_9
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-555-3_9
ID  - Onireti2026
ER  -