NTPC Transactions on Energy Research

Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF) is a powerful, non-destructive analytical technique employed to determine the elemental composition of various materials. It operates by bombarding a sample with high-energy X-rays, which causes the emission of secondary (fluorescent) X-rays unique to each element. These emitted X-rays generate an energy spectrum that serves as a distinct fingerprint, enabling the qualitative identification of elements present in the sample. Furthermore, the intensity of these characteristic X-rays is directly proportional to the elemental concentration, allowing for accurate quantitative analysis. This technique is particularly valuable in analyzing coal fly ash, where the elemental composition plays a crucial role in defining its properties, environmental behavior, and possible industrial applications. Fly ash composition affects the strength and durability of concrete when used as a partial substitute in Portland cement. In addition, elemental analysis can reveal the presence of economically significant components such as rare earth elements, opening opportunities for resource recovery and sustainable waste utilization. A detailed understanding of the elemental makeup also supports the development of innovative uses, including wastewater adsorbents and materials for carbon capture and storage.