Reevaluation of Regulations on the Organization of Hajj and Umrah to Protect Prospective Pilgrims from Fraudulent Umrah Travel Packages: Legal Perspectives from Indonesia and Malaysia

DOI

10.2991/978-2-38476-517-1_19How to use a DOI?

Keywords

umrah; fraud; legal protection; prevention; Indonesia; Malaysia

Abstract

Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world as of March 2025. According to data compiled from good stats, 244.7 milions of Indonesia’s total population of 281.3 million are Muslims. Each year, Indonesia receives the highest quota of Hajj pilgrims in the world, amounting to approximately 200,000 pilgrims, while for Umrah, Indonesia dispatches more than 1,000,000 pilgrims annually. A similar situation occurs in Malaysia. Although Malaysia is not among the top ten countries with the largest Muslim populations, it receives a Hajj quota of about 40,000 each year, resulting in a waiting period of 140 years for Hajj pilgrimage in Malaysia. Due to the limited Hajj quotas in both Indonesia and Malaysia, Umrah has been seen as an alternative for citizens of both countries to perform worship in the holy land. In Indonesia and Malaysia, there have been several cases of fraud involving prospective Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. This research aims to advocate for a reevaluation of regulations to provide protection for prospective Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. The methodology employed in this study is empirical research to assess the effectiveness of existing regulations in protecting prospective Umrah pilgrims from fraudulent Umrah travel packages. The findings indicate that the protection provided by the Indonesian government is inadequate when compared to the legal protections offered by the Malaysian government. The application of law in these two countries differs due to the distinct legal systems.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Erma Rusdiana
AU  - Tolib Effendi
AU  - Datin Norhasliza binti Ghapa
AU  - Novita Agustin
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/24
TI  - Reevaluation of Regulations on the Organization of Hajj and Umrah to Protect Prospective Pilgrims from Fraudulent Umrah Travel Packages: Legal Perspectives from Indonesia and Malaysia
BT  - Proceedings of the Borobudur Conference on Public Administration (BCPA 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 214
EP  - 226
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-517-1_19
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-517-1_19
ID  - Rusdiana2025
ER  -