Proceedings of the 2024 Brawijaya International Conference (BIC 2024)

<Previous Article In Volume
Next Article In Volume>

The Effect of Exercise Training on Reducing Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels in Smokers

Authors
Kumboyono Kumboyono1, *, Yulian Wiji Utami1, Rossa Indah Ardhany1, Titin Andri Wihastuti1, Akhiyan Hadi Susanto1, Shila Wisnasari1
1Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: abu_hilmi.fk@ub.ac.id
Corresponding Author
Kumboyono Kumboyono
Available Online 11 November 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-854-7_7How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Exercise training; Low density lipoprotein; Smokers
Abstract

Tobacco consumption remains a growing concern globally, including in Indonesia, and is associated with elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels. High LDL levels can be reduced through non-pharmacological therapy with lifestyle changes, such as exercise training. This study aims to determine the effect of exercise training on reducing LDL levels in smokers. Twenty participants were recruited for this quasi-experimental, non-randomized controlled study. Participants were divided into two groups: smokers (n=10) and non-smokers (n=10). Both groups were subjected to the same intervention—moderate-intensity exercise training consisting of 30-minute jogging sessions three times a week for two months. LDL levels were measured before and after exercise training. The mean value of LDL levels decreased after exercise training in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in LDL levels within each group (p=0.147 in smokers group and 0.179 in non-smokers group) and between groups (p=0.184). In conclusion, this study did not find statistically significant reductions in LDL levels following exercise training among smokers, suggesting other factors, such as dietary patterns, may play a more dominant role.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Download article (PDF)

<Previous Article In Volume
Next Article In Volume>
Volume Title
Proceedings of the 2024 Brawijaya International Conference (BIC 2024)
Series
Atlantis Advances in Applied Sciences
Publication Date
11 November 2025
ISBN
978-94-6463-854-7
ISSN
3091-4442
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-854-7_7How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Kumboyono Kumboyono
AU  - Yulian Wiji Utami
AU  - Rossa Indah Ardhany
AU  - Titin Andri Wihastuti
AU  - Akhiyan Hadi Susanto
AU  - Shila Wisnasari
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/11/11
TI  - The Effect of Exercise Training on Reducing Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels in Smokers
BT  - Proceedings of the 2024 Brawijaya International Conference (BIC 2024)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 71
EP  - 84
SN  - 3091-4442
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-854-7_7
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-854-7_7
ID  - Kumboyono2025
ER  -