Research on the Causes and Mechanisms of Toppling Defo-rmation Bodies of Rock Slopes Based on the Theory of Stereographic Projection

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-932-2_18How to use a DOI?

Keywords

toppling deformation; stereographic projection; structural plane screening; limit equilibrium analysis; counter-tilted slope

Abstract

Toppling deformation is one of the main failure modes of layered anti-dip rock slopes, accounting for more than 30% of accidents on high and steep slopes. Its failure mechanism is controlled by the spatial combination of steeply dipping structural planes and gently dipping basal sliding surfaces. Traditional numerical simulation methods have high computational costs and it is difficult to quickly as-sess slope stability in the engineering investigation stage. For this reason, this pa-per proposes a three-stage structural plane screening model based on stereograph-ic projection, combined with geometric criteria, kinematic analysis and mechanical calculations, to achieve efficient identification of toppling deformation bodies and stability assessment. Firstly, geometric screening conditions are established through stereographic projection to eliminate combinations that do not satisfy the spatial relationship between anti-dip structural planes and slope surfaces. Second-ly, the pole analysis method (Zanbak criterion) is used to distinguish movable blocks and determine the toppling area and sliding area. Finally, based on the Goodman limit equilibrium theory, the anti-toppling safety factor (Fs) is calculat-ed to complete the quantitative stability classification (stable when Fs > 1.5, po-tentially unstable when 1.0 < Fs < 1.5, and high risk when Fs < 1.0).Taking the No. 4 toppling body in the Cihaxia Gorge of the Yellow River as an example, the applicability of the model is verified. The results show that: ① Among the three sets of structural planes of the non-toppled rock mass, the bedding structural plane (338°∠71°) is the main controlling plane for toppling; ② Toppling defor-mation leads to the addition of a new set of tensile structural planes (130°∠61°); ③ The stereographic projection shows that the free face at the slope toe and the horizontal seismic force jointly promote the bending of the rock mass towards the Yellow River. This model provides a low-cost and high-efficiency analysis tool for the early warning of toppling deformation of layered anti-dip slopes and can provide a reference for the stability evaluation of slopes with similar engineering geological conditions.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Download article (PDF)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Huishi Xue
AU  - Qiangqiang Miao
AU  - Guoming Zhang
AU  - Jizhong Gan
AU  - Wanzhi Cao
AU  - Ning Zhang
AU  - Qingqing Zhu
AU  - Bingcheng Shen
AU  - Enzhe Deng
AU  - Zhanghui Liu
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/22
TI  - Research on the Causes and Mechanisms of Toppling Defo-rmation Bodies of Rock Slopes Based on the Theory of Stereographic Projection
BT  - Proceedings of the 2025 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering Structures and Concrete Materials (CESCM 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 161
EP  - 173
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-932-2_18
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-932-2_18
ID  - Xue2025
ER  -