Experimental Identification of Stable Deposition Regimes for Adaptive Layer-Wise Control in Laser Directed Energy Deposition

Kedarnath Rane; Joe Rhattigan; Liza Hall; Conor MacFadden; Calum Hicks; Ryan Devine; Sampan Seth; Andreas Reimer; Stephen Fitzpatrick

doi:10.2991/978-94-6239-813-9_3

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Experimental Identification of Stable Deposition Regimes for Adaptive Layer-Wise Control in Laser Directed Energy Deposition

Authors

Kedarnath Rane¹^{, *}, Joe Rhattigan¹, Liza Hall¹, Conor MacFadden¹, Calum Hicks¹, Ryan Devine¹, Sampan Seth¹, Andreas Reimer¹, Stephen Fitzpatrick¹

¹Digital Factory, National Manufacturing Institute Scotland, 3 Netherton Sq, Paisley, Renfrew PA3 2EF, United Kingdom

^*Corresponding author. Email: kedarnath.rane@strath.ac.uk

Corresponding Author

Kedarnath Rane

Available Online 29 October 2026.

DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-813-9_3 How to use a DOI?
Keywords: Adaptive Manufacturing; Process Window; Layer-wise Correction; Laser Metal Deposition
Abstract: Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is increasingly adopted for the manufacture, repair, and reconditioning of high-value components; however, process variability remains a significant barrier to repeatable and adaptive production. This study presents an experimental foundation for adaptive manufacturing through systematic single-track characterisation of SS316L laser metal deposition. A full-factorial design of experiments comprising 45 parameter combinations was used to investigate the influence of process parameters on deposition stability. Process outcomes were classified into stable, instability, lack-of-fusion, and overmelting regimes using specific energy and material input metrics. A stable process window was identified and subsequently used in stepover investigations to establish relationships between track geometry and layer height evolution. The results demonstrate how single-track features can support layer-wise correction and adaptive manufacturing strategies.
Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s)
Open Access: Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title: Proceedings of the Global Symposium on Adaptive Manufacturing (GSAM 2026)
Series: Advances in Engineering Research
Publication Date: 29 October 2026
ISBN: 978-94-6239-813-9
ISSN: 2352-5401
DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-813-9_3 How to use a DOI?
Open Access: Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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ris enw bib

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kedarnath Rane
AU  - Joe Rhattigan
AU  - Liza Hall
AU  - Conor MacFadden
AU  - Calum Hicks
AU  - Ryan Devine
AU  - Sampan Seth
AU  - Andreas Reimer
AU  - Stephen Fitzpatrick
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
TI  - Experimental Identification of Stable Deposition Regimes for Adaptive Layer-Wise Control in Laser Directed Energy Deposition
BT  - Proceedings of the  Global Symposium on Adaptive Manufacturing (GSAM 2026)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 7
EP  - 9
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-813-9_3
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-813-9_3
ID  - Rane2026
ER  -

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