All of the articles in this proceedings volume have been presented at the [ICAR 2026] during [“16th and 17th January 2026”] in [India]. These articles have been peer reviewed by the members of the [Scientific Evaluation Committee] and approved by the Editor-in-Chief, who affirms that this document is...

Technological innovation has significantly altered wildlife conservation strategies across jurisdictions with the introduction of new tools for ecological monitoring, enforcement, and policy implementation. In India, statutory mandates, socioeconomic realities, and federal institutional structures all...

One of the biggest threats to biodiversity worldwide is climate change, which is hastening the extinction of species at a never-before-seen pace. Ecosystems are changing due to factors like rising temperatures, sea level rise, ocean acidification, changed precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events,...

The Aravalli Hills and Ranges in India are one of the oldest geological formations in the world. They act as a natural barrier against desertification and aid in groundwater recharge. They also support diverse wildlife habitats and corridors across north-western India. Over the years, unregulated mining...

Environmental degradation and unequal exposure to environmental harms remain major challenge in the 21st century. Although it is undoubtedly true that the Indian legislative environment presents a substantive body of environmental legislation, there are still considerable impediments to the realisation...

This research article discusses how India’s Justice system has impacted the nation’s approach to wildlife protection, from giving rights to statutory frameworks and the courts’ intervention. Based on Constitutional provisions- mainly Article 48A, 51A(g) and 21, the Indian legal system is actively moving...

Wildlife conservation and enforcement strategies have been transformed drastically with the use of artificial intelligence, drones and DNA based forensic technology. To monitor wildlife habitats, prevent poaching and to strengthen evidentially base mechanism in wildlife crime prosecution these technologies...

Companion animals are pets that ensure affective wellbeing of people. In a developing country like India, there is a normative gap in its legal framework for the protection of companion animals. The law does not recognise companion animals, and thus the cases of cruelty and abandonment go unnoticed....

The illegal trade in animals and plants, together with wildlife crimes, remains a persistent threat against global biodiversity and ecological systems, which environmental protection systems work to defend. International treaties and national laws fail to protect the environment because their different...

The wars against climate change are being waged globally, domestically on the streets, and in the courts. One of the major legal means of fighting climate change is climate change litigation. The development of climate litigation around the globe has given content to the notion of a global climate change...

The most evident element of legal undertaking of the state in the respect of conservation of wildlife is protected areas, which represent the guarantee to the safety of species and habitats given to them by their statement and due regulation. Conservation regimes lead to the creation of national parks,...

Despite the growing global recognition of animal rights, the continued use of animal testing in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries raises concerns about the effectiveness of laws aimed at preventing cruelty. Animals are often subjected to inhumane testing in the name of safety and efficacy, reflecting...

Bengaluru recorded 361,494 dog bite cases in 2024 which increased from 232,715 cases in 2023 thereby showing a more than 55 percent increase while Karnataka showed only few rabies cases. The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act,1960 together with the Animal Birth Control Dogs Rules, 2023 creates a legal...

Bestiality is a sexual act between human and an animal. It is an immoral and illegal act. The legality of this act lies on the basis of consent as animals are incapable of giving consent. Bestiality in many countries is a punishable offence. India also considers it an illegal and criminal act. Earlier...

The present research investigates the psychological aspects of pet ownership by comparing the levels of Emotional Regulation (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, ERQ), Empathy (Toronto Empathy Questionaire, TEQ), Perceived Stress (Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, PSS), and Resilience (Brief Resilience Scale,...

Climate change has triggered new forms of forced migration. These new forms go beyond the traditional anthropocentric understanding of asylum law. It is important to point out that the term “environmental refugee” is exclusively used for people fleeing floods, droughts, or rising sea levels. However,...

The human ecological security, health and climatic resilience are imperiled in today’s era by rapid and adverse transformations in the eco environmental landscape world-wide. Despite having comprehensive legal frameworks for wildlife protection in India, defects in operationalization and suboptimal institutional...

There has been an accelerating diversification of the Indian wildlife, precipitating a pressing demand for the introduction and formation of certain preservation strategies, not reactive but structurally anticipatory. The evolving paradigm of the utility of artificial intelligence has emerged as a rather...

India is a vast country in terms of its flora and fauna. In its vastness, India is also vulnerable to climate change impacts like extreme hot weather, irregular seasons, extreme cold, floods and droughts in many parts of the country. The situation becomes worse when a large population of India depends...

A new legal paradigm of corporate responsibility with respect to economic and wildlife damage is emerging as both a fundamental change in Indian jurisprudence and under international law that considers voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) to be replaced by an obligatory and enforced duty of...

Internet of Things (IoT) technology can transform the manner in which wildlife populations are managed and preserved in various ecosystems. The sensor, drone and the interconnected gadgets facilitate real-time gathering of information about the movement of animals, the condition of their habitat, and...

The crossroads of environmental protection and animal rights have become one of the defining key factors to the attainment of SDG 15, which is Life on Land. With the growing international understanding of the relationship between animal welfare, conservation of biodiversity and health of ecosystems,...

Welfare law has witnessed a significant transformation globally, evolving from a protection-oriented framework to a rights-based jurisprudence that recognizes animals as sentient beings deserving of legal consideration. This paper undertakes a comparative study of animal welfare jurisprudence in India...

Over the past century, global and domestic environmental regulations have heavily relied on “fortress conservation,” an exclusionary model that coercively displaces indigenous populations under the premise of environmental protection. However, empirical evidence demonstrates that tribal sovereignty and...