Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE 2025)
Conference: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE 2025)
Date: 15 June 2025
Location: Semarang, Indonesia (Online)
Website: icbabe.stiebankbpdjateng.ac.id Foreword from the Chairman Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, It is my great honour and pleasure, on behalf of the organising committee, to welcome all of you to the 2nd International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025, proudly hosted by BPD University. Allow me first to extend my deepest gratitude to the Rector of BPD University, Prof. Dr. Sri Tuti Rahayu, along with the entire leadership board of BPD University, for their continuous guidance, support, and encouragement that have made this event possible. This year’s theme, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI and Business,” calls our attention to how innovation, responsibility, and collaboration must go hand-in-hand. The world we are preparing for our future generations must be intelligent, inclusive, and sustainable. Through this conference, we hope to generate new knowledge, build lasting collaborations, and explore real-world solutions across disciplines. We are also immensely grateful to our main sponsor, Bank Jateng, for their generous support and trust in the academic community. Your contribution reflects the spirit of partnership between industry and education that is essential for real impact. Likewise, we would like to warmly acknowledge and thank our Co-host Institutions: National Dong Hwa University, University of Economics and Law, Vietnam, University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Flores University, and, Indonesia College of Tourism Economics (STIEPARI) Semarang. Your collaboration and academic synergy have enriched this event and brought wider perspectives to our shared mission. In one day, we will enjoy keynote speeches from distinguished experts, participate in diverse sessions of paper presentations, and engage in dialogue that pushes the boundaries of our thinking. To all our keynote speakers, presenters, moderators, reviewers, participants, partners, and volunteers thank you. This conference is truly a collective achievement, and we deeply appreciate your valuable contributions. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to, our keynote speakers and invited guests for sharing their invaluable insights, all researchers and presenters who have contributed their work to this conference, our international and local partners who have supported this initiative, and most importantly, the hardworking committee and volunteers who have made this event a reality. Let this moment be more than just an academic event. Let it be a starting point for impactful change, for stronger regional and international collaboration, and for advancing sustainability through innovation. Once again, welcome to International Conference Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. We hope you have a fruitful, inspiring, and enjoyable experience with us.
Thank you.
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Foreword From Universitas Flores as Co-Host “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business” It is with great honor and enthusiasm that we, Universitas Flores, extend our warmest greetings and appreciation to all participants, contributors, and organizers of the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. As a proud co-host of this prestigious international conference, we are deeply committed to supporting platforms that foster academic collaboration, interdisciplinary research, and the exchange of innovative ideas that address the challenges and opportunities of the modern world. The theme of this year’s conference, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business”, is highly relevant in today’s fast changing landscape, where sustainability and technology must go hand in hand. The paper compiled in this proceedings represent a diverse and valuable collection of insights from scholars and researchers around the world who are actively engaged in shaping the future of their respective fields. We believe that the ideas shared in this volume will serve as a foundation for further research, inspire new conversations, and ignite future collaborations across institutions and disciplines. It is our hope that these academic contributions will not only enrich the global discourse but also have a real-world impact on policy, business, and society. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to BPD University as the main host, the keynote and plenary speakers, reviewers, and all paper presenters who made this event a success. May this publication serve as a meaningful legacy of ICBABE 2025 and a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners alike. Warm regards,
Laurentius Gadi Djou
Co-host Representative From STIE Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI) as Co-Host “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business” We are delighted to present this proceeding, a compilation of scholarly contributions submitted to the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. It is a great pleasure for STIE Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI) to serve as one of the co-hosts in this remarkable academic event. The conference theme, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business,” reflects the urgency of integrating innovation with responsibility. The abstracts presented here offer critical reflections, novel perspectives, and research-driven solutions that respond to emerging global trends, particularly in business, finance, and technological transformation. As an institution committed to academic excellence and sustainable development, STIEPARI views this conference as a meaningful space for cross-disciplinary dialogue. We are proud to support a platform that amplifies voices from diverse backgrounds and encourages collaborative exploration of ideas. This proceeding captures the essence of the conference—an exchange of knowledge that transcends borders, fosters professional growth, and contributes to global academic advancement. We hope this publication will serve as a reference point and spark future research initiatives among the academic and professional community. Our deepest gratitude goes to BPD University as the host, all distinguished speakers, reviewers, and participants who have made this event a success. Let this book not only mark the outcomes of a conference but also the beginning of new academic journeys. Warmest regards,
Nengah Suparwata
Co-host Representative From Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) as Co-Host It is a privilege for Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) to take part as a co-host in the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025.We extend our sincere appreciation to the organizing committee for the opportunity to collaborate in this globally relevant and intellectually stimulating event. In an era defined by rapid technological progress and environmental challenges, the conference theme, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business,” could not be more appropriate. The research abstracts compiled in this volume are a testament to the critical thinking, innovative spirit, and scholarly dedication of academics and researchers from various disciplines and institutions worldwide. The proceeding serves not only as a record of the ideas and discussions presented during the conference but also as a valuable academic resource that can inspire further exploration and interdisciplinary dialogue. These abstracts reflect the diversity of thought and the shared commitment among researchers to address contemporary issues through collaboration and scientific inquiry. As a university that consistently advocates for innovation and sustainability, UTM is proud to be part of this platform that connects minds and ideas beyond borders. We believe that the outcomes of ICBABE 2025 will contribute meaningfully to the global discourse on sustainable development and responsible technological advancement. We thank BPD University for leading this important initiative, and we commend all presenters, reviewers, and fellow co-hosts for their active involvement. May this publication serve as both a record of achievement and a stepping stone toward greater academic cooperation in the future. Kind regards,
Norhalimah Idris
Co-host Representative From University of Economics and Law (UEL), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam The University of Economics and Law (UEL), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, is honored to be a co-host of the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. We are pleased to support this important initiative that brings together global scholars, practitioners, and students to engage in meaningful discourse on the future of business and technology. This proceeding compiles a wide range of research topics that reflect the interdisciplinary spirit of the conference. The diversity of themes—from digital transformation and artificial intelligence to leadership and sustainable economic practices—shows the richness of ideas contributed by participants from various academic and cultural backgrounds. We believe that fostering international collaboration is essential in addressing the complex challenges of today’s world. Conferences like ICBABE not only enhance knowledge sharing but also strengthen academic networks and inspire new research pathways across regions. As a co-host, UEL is proud to be part of a collective effort to explore innovative solutions for building a more inclusive, intelligent, and sustainable future.We hope this abstract collection serves as a useful reference and a lasting reminder of the vibrant exchange of ideas that took place during the conference. We express our deepest appreciation to BPD University for hosting this outstanding event, and to all keynote speakers, presenters, reviewers, and fellow co-host institutions for their contributions and commitment. With warmest regards,
Tran Thi Hong Lien
Co-host Representative From National Dong Hwa University (NDHU), Taiwan It is a great pleasure for National Dong Hwa University (NDHU), Taiwan, to contribute as a co-host of the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. We extend our heartfelt congratulations to BPD University for successfully organizing this international gathering of minds. In a time marked by rapid innovation and global uncertainty, the theme of this year’s conference, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business,” resonates deeply with the aspirations of the global academic and professional communities. The abstracts compiled in this volume represent a dynamic collection of thoughts, findings, and future-oriented research from scholars across diverse fields. This proceedings not only documents the academic contributions presented at ICBABE 2025, but also showcases the spirit of collaboration and cross-border exchange that defines 21st-century scholarship. Each abstract offers a glimpse into the evolving conversations around sustainable practices, digital transformation, and the role of intelligent systems in reshaping business and economics. At NDHU, we believe that knowledge has the power to connect cultures, inspire action, and transform society. We are honored to support a conference that encourages such meaningful exchange and promotes academic excellence on an international scale. We sincerely thank all speakers, paper presenters, reviewers, and organizing partners for their dedication. May this publication serve as both an academic reference and a symbol of our shared commitment to progress, sustainability, and innovation. With sincere appreciation, Chih Wen-Hai
Co-host Representative Preface Praise be to God Almighty, for His blessings and grace, the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (The 2nd ICBABE 2025), organized by Universitas BPD Semarang, Indonesia, have been successfully compiled. This international conference carries the theme “Building Sustainable Future: The Leveraging Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business,” which reflects the urgency and relevance of synergy between technological advancements, artificial intelligence, and sustainable business practices in addressing future challenges. The theme is expected to inspire academics, practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to collectively build an inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable future through meaningful scientific contributions. These proceedings contain a collection of selected scientific articles that have undergone a rigorous review and editing process by competent reviewers in their respective fields. The papers presented reflect research findings and critical thoughts from conference participants from various institutions and countries, covering areas such as business, accounting, banking, economics, information technology, and artificial intelligence. We express our highest appreciation and sincere gratitude to all presenters, reviewers, committee members, and all parties who have supported the success of this conference. We hope that this proceeding will serve as a valuable scientific reference and foster interdisciplinary collaboration to realize innovation and sustainable development in the digital era. Finally, we are fully aware that this proceeding is far from perfect. Therefore, we welcome any suggestions and constructive feedback for future improvements. Himawan Arif S.
Chairperson
The 2nd ICBABE 2025 August 2025
Date: 15 June 2025
Location: Semarang, Indonesia (Online)
Website: icbabe.stiebankbpdjateng.ac.id Foreword from the Chairman Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, It is my great honour and pleasure, on behalf of the organising committee, to welcome all of you to the 2nd International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025, proudly hosted by BPD University. Allow me first to extend my deepest gratitude to the Rector of BPD University, Prof. Dr. Sri Tuti Rahayu, along with the entire leadership board of BPD University, for their continuous guidance, support, and encouragement that have made this event possible. This year’s theme, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI and Business,” calls our attention to how innovation, responsibility, and collaboration must go hand-in-hand. The world we are preparing for our future generations must be intelligent, inclusive, and sustainable. Through this conference, we hope to generate new knowledge, build lasting collaborations, and explore real-world solutions across disciplines. We are also immensely grateful to our main sponsor, Bank Jateng, for their generous support and trust in the academic community. Your contribution reflects the spirit of partnership between industry and education that is essential for real impact. Likewise, we would like to warmly acknowledge and thank our Co-host Institutions: National Dong Hwa University, University of Economics and Law, Vietnam, University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Flores University, and, Indonesia College of Tourism Economics (STIEPARI) Semarang. Your collaboration and academic synergy have enriched this event and brought wider perspectives to our shared mission. In one day, we will enjoy keynote speeches from distinguished experts, participate in diverse sessions of paper presentations, and engage in dialogue that pushes the boundaries of our thinking. To all our keynote speakers, presenters, moderators, reviewers, participants, partners, and volunteers thank you. This conference is truly a collective achievement, and we deeply appreciate your valuable contributions. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to, our keynote speakers and invited guests for sharing their invaluable insights, all researchers and presenters who have contributed their work to this conference, our international and local partners who have supported this initiative, and most importantly, the hardworking committee and volunteers who have made this event a reality. Let this moment be more than just an academic event. Let it be a starting point for impactful change, for stronger regional and international collaboration, and for advancing sustainability through innovation. Once again, welcome to International Conference Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. We hope you have a fruitful, inspiring, and enjoyable experience with us.
Thank you.
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Foreword From Universitas Flores as Co-Host “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business” It is with great honor and enthusiasm that we, Universitas Flores, extend our warmest greetings and appreciation to all participants, contributors, and organizers of the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. As a proud co-host of this prestigious international conference, we are deeply committed to supporting platforms that foster academic collaboration, interdisciplinary research, and the exchange of innovative ideas that address the challenges and opportunities of the modern world. The theme of this year’s conference, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business”, is highly relevant in today’s fast changing landscape, where sustainability and technology must go hand in hand. The paper compiled in this proceedings represent a diverse and valuable collection of insights from scholars and researchers around the world who are actively engaged in shaping the future of their respective fields. We believe that the ideas shared in this volume will serve as a foundation for further research, inspire new conversations, and ignite future collaborations across institutions and disciplines. It is our hope that these academic contributions will not only enrich the global discourse but also have a real-world impact on policy, business, and society. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to BPD University as the main host, the keynote and plenary speakers, reviewers, and all paper presenters who made this event a success. May this publication serve as a meaningful legacy of ICBABE 2025 and a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners alike. Warm regards,
Laurentius Gadi Djou
Co-host Representative From STIE Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI) as Co-Host “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business” We are delighted to present this proceeding, a compilation of scholarly contributions submitted to the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. It is a great pleasure for STIE Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI) to serve as one of the co-hosts in this remarkable academic event. The conference theme, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business,” reflects the urgency of integrating innovation with responsibility. The abstracts presented here offer critical reflections, novel perspectives, and research-driven solutions that respond to emerging global trends, particularly in business, finance, and technological transformation. As an institution committed to academic excellence and sustainable development, STIEPARI views this conference as a meaningful space for cross-disciplinary dialogue. We are proud to support a platform that amplifies voices from diverse backgrounds and encourages collaborative exploration of ideas. This proceeding captures the essence of the conference—an exchange of knowledge that transcends borders, fosters professional growth, and contributes to global academic advancement. We hope this publication will serve as a reference point and spark future research initiatives among the academic and professional community. Our deepest gratitude goes to BPD University as the host, all distinguished speakers, reviewers, and participants who have made this event a success. Let this book not only mark the outcomes of a conference but also the beginning of new academic journeys. Warmest regards,
Nengah Suparwata
Co-host Representative From Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) as Co-Host It is a privilege for Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) to take part as a co-host in the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025.We extend our sincere appreciation to the organizing committee for the opportunity to collaborate in this globally relevant and intellectually stimulating event. In an era defined by rapid technological progress and environmental challenges, the conference theme, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business,” could not be more appropriate. The research abstracts compiled in this volume are a testament to the critical thinking, innovative spirit, and scholarly dedication of academics and researchers from various disciplines and institutions worldwide. The proceeding serves not only as a record of the ideas and discussions presented during the conference but also as a valuable academic resource that can inspire further exploration and interdisciplinary dialogue. These abstracts reflect the diversity of thought and the shared commitment among researchers to address contemporary issues through collaboration and scientific inquiry. As a university that consistently advocates for innovation and sustainability, UTM is proud to be part of this platform that connects minds and ideas beyond borders. We believe that the outcomes of ICBABE 2025 will contribute meaningfully to the global discourse on sustainable development and responsible technological advancement. We thank BPD University for leading this important initiative, and we commend all presenters, reviewers, and fellow co-hosts for their active involvement. May this publication serve as both a record of achievement and a stepping stone toward greater academic cooperation in the future. Kind regards,
Norhalimah Idris
Co-host Representative From University of Economics and Law (UEL), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam The University of Economics and Law (UEL), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, is honored to be a co-host of the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. We are pleased to support this important initiative that brings together global scholars, practitioners, and students to engage in meaningful discourse on the future of business and technology. This proceeding compiles a wide range of research topics that reflect the interdisciplinary spirit of the conference. The diversity of themes—from digital transformation and artificial intelligence to leadership and sustainable economic practices—shows the richness of ideas contributed by participants from various academic and cultural backgrounds. We believe that fostering international collaboration is essential in addressing the complex challenges of today’s world. Conferences like ICBABE not only enhance knowledge sharing but also strengthen academic networks and inspire new research pathways across regions. As a co-host, UEL is proud to be part of a collective effort to explore innovative solutions for building a more inclusive, intelligent, and sustainable future.We hope this abstract collection serves as a useful reference and a lasting reminder of the vibrant exchange of ideas that took place during the conference. We express our deepest appreciation to BPD University for hosting this outstanding event, and to all keynote speakers, presenters, reviewers, and fellow co-host institutions for their contributions and commitment. With warmest regards,
Tran Thi Hong Lien
Co-host Representative From National Dong Hwa University (NDHU), Taiwan It is a great pleasure for National Dong Hwa University (NDHU), Taiwan, to contribute as a co-host of the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE) 2025. We extend our heartfelt congratulations to BPD University for successfully organizing this international gathering of minds. In a time marked by rapid innovation and global uncertainty, the theme of this year’s conference, “Building a Sustainable Future: Leveraging the Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business,” resonates deeply with the aspirations of the global academic and professional communities. The abstracts compiled in this volume represent a dynamic collection of thoughts, findings, and future-oriented research from scholars across diverse fields. This proceedings not only documents the academic contributions presented at ICBABE 2025, but also showcases the spirit of collaboration and cross-border exchange that defines 21st-century scholarship. Each abstract offers a glimpse into the evolving conversations around sustainable practices, digital transformation, and the role of intelligent systems in reshaping business and economics. At NDHU, we believe that knowledge has the power to connect cultures, inspire action, and transform society. We are honored to support a conference that encourages such meaningful exchange and promotes academic excellence on an international scale. We sincerely thank all speakers, paper presenters, reviewers, and organizing partners for their dedication. May this publication serve as both an academic reference and a symbol of our shared commitment to progress, sustainability, and innovation. With sincere appreciation, Chih Wen-Hai
Co-host Representative Preface Praise be to God Almighty, for His blessings and grace, the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (The 2nd ICBABE 2025), organized by Universitas BPD Semarang, Indonesia, have been successfully compiled. This international conference carries the theme “Building Sustainable Future: The Leveraging Intersection of Technology, AI, and Business,” which reflects the urgency and relevance of synergy between technological advancements, artificial intelligence, and sustainable business practices in addressing future challenges. The theme is expected to inspire academics, practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to collectively build an inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable future through meaningful scientific contributions. These proceedings contain a collection of selected scientific articles that have undergone a rigorous review and editing process by competent reviewers in their respective fields. The papers presented reflect research findings and critical thoughts from conference participants from various institutions and countries, covering areas such as business, accounting, banking, economics, information technology, and artificial intelligence. We express our highest appreciation and sincere gratitude to all presenters, reviewers, committee members, and all parties who have supported the success of this conference. We hope that this proceeding will serve as a valuable scientific reference and foster interdisciplinary collaboration to realize innovation and sustainable development in the digital era. Finally, we are fully aware that this proceeding is far from perfect. Therefore, we welcome any suggestions and constructive feedback for future improvements. Himawan Arif S.
Chairperson
The 2nd ICBABE 2025 August 2025