Economic Sustainability and Land Conversion in Bali’s Tourism Sector: A Longevity Perspective through Tri Hita Karana and Hartwick’s Rule

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-797-2_2How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Tri Hita Karana; Hartwick’s Rule; Sustainable tourism; Land conversion; Economic growth; Longevity; Ecological grief; Pollution; Mental health; COVID-19 structural break

Abstract

Introduction

Bali’s rapid tourism expansion has accelerated land conversion, raising concerns about long-term environmental and societal sustainability. Methods. Four OLS regression models (2014–2025, n=12) integrate Tri Hita Karana with Hartwick’s Rule, using data from BPS Bali, BPN, and the Bali Tourism Board, with COVID-19 structural break controls. Results. International arrivals significantly drive hotel occupancy (β=5.556, p<0.001) and occupancy drives GRDP growth (β=0.337, p<0.001), confirming the tourism-to-growth mechanism. Arrivals also robustly drive land conversion (β≈26 ha per million tourists, p<0.001), while economic growth is not a significant driver. The OSS policy effect cannot be disentangled from COVID-19. Conclusions. Findings reveal structural imbalance across Tri Hita Karana pillars and indicate Hartwick non-compliance. Land conversion compounds societal longevity costs through physical (pollution) and psychological (solastalgia) health pathways. Tourism volume not economic growth is the primary environmental driver, underscoring the need for stronger institutional governance.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Novan Prasetyo Mukti
AU  - Chuanchen Bi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
TI  - Economic Sustainability and Land Conversion in Bali’s Tourism Sector: A Longevity Perspective through Tri Hita Karana and Hartwick’s Rule
BT  - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Lifespan Innovation (ICLI 2026) national Conference on Lifespan Innovation
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 5
EP  - 13
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-797-2_2
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-797-2_2
ID  - Mukti2026
ER  -