Proceedings of the International Conference on Law and Technology (ICLT 2025)

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Balancing Privacy and Accountability: Legal Perspectives on GPS Monitoring for Accused Persons

Authors
Sateesh Kumar1, Amit Kumar Singh2, *, Rutunja S. Bhelave3
1Assistant Professor, MANUU Law School, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
2Research Scholar of Law Department, School of Legal Studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
3Assistant Professor, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar School of Law, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
*Corresponding author. Email: amitsinghrmlnlu@gmail.com
Corresponding Author
Amit Kumar Singh
Available Online 26 December 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-515-7_26How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Privacy Rights; GPS Monitoring; Pre-Trial Bail; Criminal Justice System; Public Safety
Abstract

The major theme of this paper it to deals with how GPS monitoring of accused persons challenges the balance between privacy and accountability in India’s criminal justice system. The paper examines how Indian courts, in the absence of clear legislation, have dealt with electronic tracking as a bail condition which raises serious constitutional questions under Article 21. Some important Indian cases like the case of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, Sanjay Chandra v. CBI, Frank Vitus v. NCB, and The State (NCT of Delhi) v. Sanjeev Kumar Chawla highlight the on-going tension between individual’s liberty and state’s control. This paper tooks lessons from U.S. precedents such as United States v. Jones, Grady v. North Carolina, and Carpenter v. United States, to argue that GPS tracking can be useful but only within strict legal safeguards. It concludes that India must adopt a clear legislative framework ensuring proportionality, judicial oversight, and data protection so that technology supports justice without eroding fundamental rights.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Conference on Law and Technology (ICLT 2025)
Series
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
Publication Date
26 December 2025
ISBN
978-2-38476-515-7
ISSN
2352-5398
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-515-7_26How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Sateesh Kumar
AU  - Amit Kumar Singh
AU  - Rutunja S. Bhelave
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/26
TI  - Balancing Privacy and Accountability: Legal Perspectives on GPS Monitoring for Accused Persons
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Law and Technology (ICLT 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 283
EP  - 291
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-515-7_26
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-515-7_26
ID  - Kumar2025
ER  -