Association of Immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) and Hemoglobin Level with Nutritional Status in Stunted Children Under Five: A Preliminary Study

DOI

10.2991/978-2-38476-571-3_28How to use a DOI?

Keywords

stunting; hemoglobin; immunoglobulin G (IgG); immunoglobulin M (IgM); nutrition status; children under five

Abstract

Stunting in children under five remains a major public health concern, closely associated with nutritional status, anemia, and immune function. Immunoglobulins, particularly IgG and IgM, play a crucial role in adaptive and innate immune responses, while hemoglobin (Hb) levels reflect anemia status. Understanding the interplay between immunity, anemia, and nutritional indicators such as body weight (BW) and body height (BH) is essential for developing early detection and intervention strategies. This study aimed to analyze the association of IgG, IgM, and Hb levels with nutritional status among stunted and non-stunted children. This cross-sectional study included 8 children under five years of age. Data collected comprised Hb levels, IgG and IgM concentrations, and anthropometric measurements (BW/U and BH/U). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s rank correlation, with a significance level set at p<0.05. The mean Hb concentration was 12.21±1.82 g/dL (range 9–14), IgG 1068.38±162.47 mg/dL (839–1369), and IgM 117.88±50.98 mg/dL (74–225). IgG levels showed a meaningful correlation with body weight (p=0.021), hemoglobin (p=0.001), and body length (p=0.001). IgM levels were only significantly associated with hemoglobin (p=0.001). This preliminary study highlights a meaningful relationship between immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM), hemoglobin levels, and nutritional status in children under five. The findings suggest that impaired immune function may contribute to anemia and poor growth outcomes. Despite the small sample size, this study provides important pilot data supporting the integration of immune markers in the assessment of stunting. Larger-scale studies are warranted to validate these associations and strengthen the evidence base for policy and intervention.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Indria Nuraini
AU  - Sri Sumarmi
AU  - Retno Setyo Iswati
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/06
TI  - Association of Immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) and Hemoglobin Level with Nutritional Status in Stunted Children Under Five: A Preliminary Study
BT  - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies 2025 (ICOMSI 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 337
EP  - 344
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-571-3_28
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-571-3_28
ID  - Nuraini2026
ER  -