A Review on Microbial Enzyme Mediated Degradation of Bisphenol A

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-606-7_17How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Bisphenol A; Endocrine Disrupter; Microorganisms; Enzymatic Degradation Introduction

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a highly manufactured endocrine-disruptive chemical that is frequently used in polycarbonates plastics and epoxy resin. Its wide distribution in water and land ecosystem poses significant ecological and human health risks because of its estrogenic and oxidative stress-inducing properties. Bio-degradation of BPA by any of the microorganisms has also attracted interest, and it is cost-effective to remove BPA through the process, which offers total mineralization without generating any secondary pollutants. The paper provides a systematic overview of the current literature on bacterial, fungal and algal mediated BPA degradation pathways, emphasizing on enzyme selective degradation and theoretical biochemical model depending on the recent experimental studies. The ipso-hydroxylation and ring-cleavage reactions are mediated by cytochrome P450 and dioxidase reactions to produce hydroquinone, catechol and 4-isopropenylphenol as important intermediates in bacterial systems Pseudomonas and Bacillus species. Fungal degradation, facilitated by extracellular oxidative enzymes like laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase, allows for the effective oxidation of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates, resulting in the formation of quinonoid and carboxylic acid derivatives. Algal and plant-based systems integrate intracellular enzymatic biotransformation (CYP450 hydroxylation and UDP-glucosyltransferase conjugation) with photo-oxidative processes, yielding less toxic conjugates like BPA–O–glucoside. The aim of the present review is to identify the gaps in enzymatic metabolic pathways of microorganisms in degradation of BPA.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Vankayala Bala Tripura Sundari
AU  - Puthraiah Sangani
AU  - B. Mallikarjuna
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/03/05
TI  - A Review on Microbial Enzyme Mediated Degradation of Bisphenol A
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Resilient Innovations for Subsistence Environment (IC-RISE-2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 153
EP  - 169
SN  - 2468-5747
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-606-7_17
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-606-7_17
ID  - Sundari2026
ER  -