Exploring the Potential of Dakon as a Means of Preserving Cultural Heritage, Teaching Local Wisdom, and Promoting Inclusive Learning for ADHD Children in the Digital Era

Muhammad Hidayat Sahid; Akehsan Dahlan; Ratna Darjanti Haryadi; Mohamad Ghazali Masuri; Syamsul Anwar Sultan Ibrahim; Andriani Pratiwi

doi:10.2991/978-94-6463-918-6_28

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Exploring the Potential of Dakon as a Means of Preserving Cultural Heritage, Teaching Local Wisdom, and Promoting Inclusive Learning for ADHD Children in the Digital Era

Authors

Muhammad Hidayat Sahid¹^{, 2}^{, *}, Akehsan Dahlan², Ratna Darjanti Haryadi³, Mohamad Ghazali Masuri², Syamsul Anwar Sultan Ibrahim², Andriani Pratiwi⁴

¹Vocational Education Program, Universitas Indonesia, Gedung VA, Vokasi UI, Kampus UI, Depok, 16426, Indonesia

²Centre for Occupational Therapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

³Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

⁴Occupational Therapy Centre, General Hospital of University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

^*Corresponding author.

Corresponding Author

Muhammad Hidayat Sahid

Available Online 16 December 2025.

DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-918-6_28 How to use a DOI?
Keywords: Occupational Therapy; Cognitive Development; Fine Motor Skills; Preserving Cultural Heritage; Local Context Education
Abstract: Traditional games like Dakon (Congklak) offer unique educational and therapeutic benefits that are often overlooked in modern settings. This study ex-plores Dakon’s potential to support inclusive and sustainable education, particu-larly for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). By aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4: Quality Education and SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities), Dakon is positioned as both a developmental tool and a medium for cultural preservation.

A systematic review was conducted using Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Sage databases. From 234 initial records, 15 empirical studies were included based on predefined criteria. Meta-analysis revealed significant positive effects of Dakon on cognitive development (effect size = 0.78) and fine motor skills (effect size = 0.65). Meta-regression indicated age and geographical context as significant moderating factors.

Dakon was also found to enhance social interaction, reduce anxiety, and pro-mote cooperative learning—key factors in inclusive education. Its tactile game-play supports fine motor control, while its rule-based structure fosters planning, problem-solving, and attention regulation. Modern adaptations may further in-crease engagement without compromising cultural value.

This review highlights Dakon as a culturally grounded, developmentally effec-tive intervention. Integrating it into educational or therapeutic programs may ben-efit diverse learners, especially those with ADHD.
Open Access: Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Strategic and Global Studies 2025 ((ICSGS 2025)
Series: Atlantis Highlights in Social Sciences, Education and Humanities
Publication Date: 16 December 2025
ISBN: 978-94-6463-918-6
ISSN: 2667-128X
DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6463-918-6_28 How to use a DOI?
Open Access: Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

ris enw bib

TY  - CONF
AU  - Muhammad Hidayat Sahid
AU  - Akehsan Dahlan
AU  - Ratna Darjanti Haryadi
AU  - Mohamad Ghazali Masuri
AU  - Syamsul Anwar Sultan Ibrahim
AU  - Andriani Pratiwi
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/16
TI  - Exploring the Potential of Dakon as a Means of Preserving Cultural Heritage, Teaching Local Wisdom, and Promoting Inclusive Learning for ADHD Children in the Digital Era
BT  - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Strategic and Global Studies 2025 ((ICSGS 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 421
EP  - 439
SN  - 2667-128X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-918-6_28
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-918-6_28
ID  - Sahid2025
ER  -

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