Secure and Decentralized Offline Payment Channel Protocol in Raiden Network on the Ethereum Blockchain Smart Contract System

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-718-2_86How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Offline; Payments; Raiden; Ethereum; Decentralized; Bitcoin; Blockchain; Smart Contracts; Throughput; Latency

Abstract

In this project, we introduce a new Secure and Decentralized Offline Payment Channel Protocol (SD-OPC) that extends the Raiden Network on Ethereum to authorize secure offline transactions. Above all, it ensures the transaction security, double-spending protection and the scalability, low latency and high throughput in both Internet available and no Internet available environment. And to achieve a secure offline payment, SD-OPC uses cryptographic techniques include Merkle tree, multi-signature wallet, and Hashed Time Lock Contracts (HTLC). This allows them to use Merkle proofs to record transactions that occur offline, syncing them on-chain once they are back online. Selective on-chain disclosures implement privacy, and a dispute resolution mechanism ensures finality. We evaluate the performance of the protocol in terms of throughput, latency, and gas consumption on a simulated Ethereum network across a range of network conditions. SD-OPC 300 TPS, 2 ms latency, and 0.0020 ETH gas consumption for 50 nodes. For 100 nodes, while teir throughput stood at 500 TPS, their latency was at 15 ms, and gas consumption was at 0.0025 ETH. A statistical analysis confirmed that node count had significant effect on throughput and latency (t-values: 5.23 and 3.45; p-values: 0.001 and 0.002) By utilizing SD-OPC, secure, decoupled micropayments can be conducted in non-infrastructure spaces with fault tolerance, privacy, and integrity guarantees, while remaining scalable and performant.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - O. K. Gowrishankar
AU  - V. Ramesh
AU  - M. Namasivayam
AU  - R. Abinaya
AU  - M. Dharshini
AU  - P. Keerthana
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/23
TI  - Secure and Decentralized Offline Payment Channel Protocol in Raiden Network on the Ethereum Blockchain Smart Contract System
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainability Innovation in Computing and Engineering (ICSICE 2024)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 1017
EP  - 1029
SN  - 2352-538X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-718-2_86
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-718-2_86
ID  - Gowrishankar2025
ER  -