The Socio-legal Implications of AI Training: Copyright, Privacy, and Power Disparities in India

DOI

10.2991/978-2-38476-547-8_12How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence Training; Copyright; Privacy; Dataset; Power Asymmetries; AI

Abstract

Artificial intelligence has emerged as one of the driving forces of change in the manner information is created, the organization of economic activities, as well as the manner in which societies are governed. The most critical point of change is the problem of data. The latest use of AI technology relies on unprecedented volumes of personal data, commercial information under copyright, and machine intelligence training on the perceived privacy of internet spaces that were not created to be used as involuntary learning centers. The legal issue that emerges is no less significant than a few technicalities that touch on the core of authorship, ownership, privacy, and informational self-determination within the legally structured order.

The paper is a socio-legal study of how copyrighted, proprietary, and personal data are used to train AI models in India, especially. It states that modern mechanisms of large-scale data collection and model training produced new categories of structural inequalities by relocating power away from both individual producers and data subjects to the technologically powerful corporations. It also addresses the conflict that exists between a fast-changing technological environment, the constitutional obligation of India to the ideas of dignity, autonomy, and social justice, by raising statutory meaning and by a landmark judicial ruling. It further shows that the Indian copyright legislation, data protection laws, and trade secrets are poorly poised to handle the complexity, as well as the magnitude of modern AI systems.

The paper asserts that India is at a normative crossroad: the nation is in danger of becoming a data periphery in case it is not transformed structurally. India can assume the pioneer role in developing a model of AI regulation that safeguards creators and individuals and stimulates innovation, with the compliance with its constitutional ethos with well-considered interventions, such as a specially designed TDM exception, collective licensing plans, privacy, maintenance of training procedures, and regulation principles that have constitutional roots.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Download article (PDF)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kshama Shrof
AU  - Aditi Mukherjee
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/03/05
TI  - The Socio-legal Implications of AI Training: Copyright, Privacy, and Power Disparities in India
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Socio Legal Intricacies of Artificial Intelligence (ICSLIAI 2026)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 96
EP  - 106
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-547-8_12
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-547-8_12
ID  - Shrof2026
ER  -