Proceedings of the 1st International Forum on Psychology, Law, and Education (IFPLE 2025)

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Legal Protection for Female Workers in Unilateral Termination of Employment Disputes: A Study of the Decision of the Central Jakarta Industrial Relations Court Number 171/Pdt.Sus_Phi/2024/Pn Jkt.Pst

Authors
Herison Ginting1, Elvira Fitriyani Pakpahan1, Kartina Pakpahan1, *
1PUI PT Business Law and E-commerce, Faculty of Law, Master of Law, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: kartinapakpahan@unprimdn.ac.id
Corresponding Author
Kartina Pakpahan
Available Online 3 January 2026.
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-531-7_17How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Legal Protection; Female Workers; Termination of Employment; Mediation; Non-Discrimination
Abstract

This research seeks to examine the legal safeguards afforded to female employees in cases of unilateral termination of employment (PHK) conducted without following formal procedures, as regulated under Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021. The study also investigates the effectiveness of dispute resolution via mediation and recommendations issued by the Manpower Office, as well as the application of the non-discrimination principle in the Central Jakarta Industrial Relations Court Decision Number 171/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024/PN Jkt.Pst. The research employs a normative-juridical methodology, complemented by empirical juridical analysis of the court ruling and the legal circumstances surrounding the case. Findings reveal that verbal termination by employers violates existing legal provisions, while the mediation process proves ineffective due to the non-binding nature of the Manpower Office recommendations. Although the court ruling restores the normative rights of female employees, explicit gender-sensitive considerations are not evident. Consequently, the study highlights the need to reinforce legal protection for female workers through a more substantive, progressive, and responsive approach that addresses structural vulnerabilities within industrial relations.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the 1st International Forum on Psychology, Law, and Education (IFPLE 2025)
Series
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
Publication Date
3 January 2026
ISBN
978-2-38476-531-7
ISSN
2352-5398
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-531-7_17How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Herison Ginting
AU  - Elvira Fitriyani Pakpahan
AU  - Kartina Pakpahan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/01/03
TI  - Legal Protection for Female Workers in Unilateral Termination of Employment Disputes: A Study of the Decision of the Central Jakarta Industrial Relations Court Number 171/Pdt.Sus_Phi/2024/Pn Jkt.Pst
BT  - Proceedings of the 1st International Forum on Psychology, Law, and Education (IFPLE 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 160
EP  - 165
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-531-7_17
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-531-7_17
ID  - Ginting2026
ER  -