Plant Immune System Defense Against Type III Effectors Intrusion: Mechanisms of Recognition and Response to T3SS-Mediated Pathogenesis

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-910-0_5How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Plant immune system; Type III Effectors (T3Es); Type III Secretion System (T3SS); Defense signal

Abstract

PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) constitute the first and second lines of defense in the plant immune system. PTI is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which is located on the surface of a cell and typically elicits a relatively weak immune response. The second line of defense, ETI, often results in cell death and is characterized by a more intense and sustained response. Bacterial Type III Effectors (T3Es) can interfere with PRRs on the plant cell surface, thereby suppressing PTI. T3Es are proteins injected into host cells via the Type III Secretion System (T3SS). These effectors inhibit responses of the plant immune system by disrupting the transmission of defense signals during PTI. The T3SS, which structurally resembles a syringe, directly delivers the effectors into the host cells. The T3SS undergoes self-assembly and is subsequently activated under specific conditions, enabling the secretion and localization of T3Es to their target sites within the host cell. To counteract the threat posed by T3Es to plant health and growth, certain plants have evolved mechanisms to resist T3E interference. These plants utilize nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) and PRRs to recognize T3Es. Following recognition, multiple downstream pathways are activated and signals are released to suppress the spread of T3Es. This review outlines the mechanisms of how pathogenic bacteria inject T3Es into plants and summarizes the currently known strategies employed by the plant immune system to defend against T3Es.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Yuhan Zou
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/15
TI  - Plant Immune System Defense Against Type III Effectors Intrusion: Mechanisms of Recognition and Response to T3SS-Mediated Pathogenesis
BT  - Proceedings of the 2025 2nd International Symposium on Agricultural Engineering and Biology (ISAEB 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 38
EP  - 48
SN  - 2468-5747
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-910-0_5
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-910-0_5
ID  - Zou2025
ER  -