A Prototype Design and Experimental Analysis of Reverse Osmosis Technology for Drinking Water Treatment Systems

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-731-6_4How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Reverse osmosis; drinking water treatment; river water; water quality; membrane technology

Abstract

The increasing demand for safe drinking water, particularly in regions relying on contaminated river sources, necessitates the development of efficient water treatment technologies. This study aims to design, implement, and evaluate a prototype drinking water treatment system based on reverse osmosis (RO) technology using Musi River water as the raw water source. The proposed system employs an eight-stage treatment configuration consisting of pre-treatment (sediment, granular activated carbon, and carbon block), core-treatment (RO membrane), and post-treatment (post carbon, mineralization, alkaline filter, and ultraviolet sterilization). Initial laboratory analysis of raw water indicated that several parameters, including turbidity, color, and iron (Fe), exceeded acceptable limits. Following chemical pre-treatment, the water quality met clean water standards and was further processed using the RO system. Performance evaluation results demonstrate significant improvements in water quality, including a reduction in total hardness from 278.47 ppm to 1.21 ppm, bicarbonate alkalinity from 291.16 ppm to 13.86 ppm, and complete removal of iron (0 ppm). Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) decreased to 21.65 ppm, while pH remained stable within the acceptable range (7.10). The results confirm that the proposed RO-based system is highly effective in removing physical, chemical, and microbiological contaminants, producing water that meets national drinking water standards. Therefore, this system offers a reliable and scalable solution for decentralized drinking water treatment, particularly in areas with limited access to clean water sources.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Eko Nugroho Widjatmoko
AU  - Muhamad Fahmi Amrillah
AU  - Broto Priyono
AU  - Dimas Pratama Yuda
AU  - Kodrat Alam
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/09
TI  - A Prototype Design and Experimental Analysis of Reverse Osmosis Technology for Drinking Water Treatment Systems
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference of Inland Water and Ferries Transport Polytechnic of Palembang on Technology and Environment (IWPOSPA-TE 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 23
EP  - 32
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-731-6_4
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-731-6_4
ID  - Widjatmoko2026
ER  -