Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) as Anti-Vascular Calcification Agents in Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_2How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); Chlorogenic acid (CGA); Vascular calcification; Diabetes mellitus; Osteogenic differentiation

Abstract

The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper in short terms, i.e. 15–250 Vascular calcification is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, driven by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which collectively promote osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Despite its clinical significance, no approved pharmacotherapy directly prevents or reverses this process. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and chlorogenic acid (CGA), polyphenolic compounds derived from green tea and coffee, respectively, have emerged as promising nutraceutical candidates due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic properties. This literature review synthesizes evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical/translational studies examining the anti-vascular calcification potential of EGCG and CGA in the context of diabetes mellitus. EGCG inhibits VSMC osteogenic differentiation by suppressing the JunB transcription factor and MAPK/ERK signaling, reducing calcium deposition and osteogenic markers (Runx2, ALP) while preserving a contractile VSMC phenotype. In vivo, EGCG attenuated aortic calcification and improved glycemic and lipid profiles in diabetic animal models, and a clinical randomized controlled trial confirmed its cardiovascular benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. CGA exerts anti-calcification effects by inhibiting AGE formation via carbonyl trapping and attenuating endothelial calcium overload and oxidative stress through TRPC channel inhibition, with in vivo evidence showing synergistic activity with EGCG in reducing aortic osteogenic markers. Together, EGCG and CGA target complementary pathogenic pathways of diabetic vascular calcification, suggesting their potential as adjunctive therapeutic agents. Further dedicated clinical trials are warranted to establish their efficacy and safety in preventing arterial calcification in diabetic populations.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Anditri Weningtyas
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/24
TI  - Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) as Anti-Vascular Calcification Agents in Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review
BT  - Proceedings of the Malang International Conference on Medical and Health Sciences (MICROMEDHS 2026)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 7
EP  - 20
SN  - 2468-5739
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_2
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-807-8_2
ID  - Weningtyas2026
ER  -