Proceedings of the 10th Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2022)

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Impact of Financial Inclusion Variables on Financial System Stability in APEC: Upper Middle-Income Country Group

Authors
Tristia Khaisal1, *, Hasdi Aimon1
1Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: tristiakhaisal7@gmail.com
Corresponding Author
Tristia Khaisal
Available Online 16 September 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-839-4_19How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Financial System Stability; Credit Card; Capital Adequacy Ratio; Private Sector Credit and Interest Rate
Abstract

This research seeks to evaluate the influence of financial inclusion on the financial system within the upper-middle-income country group in the APEC region. The study adopts a descriptive and associative research approach, utilizing secondary panel data composed of time series observations from 2013 to 2021 across six countries. A panel regression model serves as the analytical tool for this research. The variables under examination include the financial system, credit card usage, capital adequacy ratios, private sector credit, and interest rates. The findings reveal that credit cards, capital adequacy ratios, private sector credit, and interest rates collectively impact the financial system in APEC countries within the Upper Middle-Income category. Specifically, credit card usage and capital adequacy ratios influence the financial system significantly, while private-sector credit shows a positive yet insignificant relationship. Interest rates, on the other hand, negatively and significantly affect the financial system in this group of countries.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the 10th Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2022)
Series
Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research
Publication Date
16 September 2025
ISBN
978-94-6463-839-4
ISSN
2352-5428
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-839-4_19How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Tristia Khaisal
AU  - Hasdi Aimon
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/09/16
TI  - Impact of Financial Inclusion Variables on Financial System Stability in APEC: Upper Middle-Income Country Group
BT  - Proceedings of the 10th Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2022)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 216
EP  - 224
SN  - 2352-5428
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-839-4_19
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-839-4_19
ID  - Khaisal2025
ER  -