Proceedings of the Workshop on Computation: Theory and Practice (WCTP 2025)

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An Examination of Performance in Handling Multiple DNS Protocols Concurrently

Authors
Satoru Sunahara1, *, Saki Shiomi2, Shigeki Hagihara2
1Hokkaido University, Kita 8 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
2Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, 758-65 Bibi, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
*Corresponding author. Email: suna@iic.hokudai.ac.jp
Corresponding Author
Satoru Sunahara
Available Online 30 April 2026.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6239-638-8_30How to use a DOI?
Keywords
DNS Performance; DNS over TLS; DNS over HTTPS; DNS over QUIC; DNS over HTTP/3; Privacy Enhancement
Abstract

This study investigates the performance impact of concurrent queries on encrypted DNS protocols. We conducted experiments on a virtual machine, measuring query response times under several conditions. We compared single versus concurrent queries for individual protocols (Do53, DoT, DoH, DoH3, and DoQ), both with and without server certificate validation. We also isolated the time consumed by certificate validation and evaluated performance when low-overhead Do53 and high-overhead encrypted DNS queries were issued concurrently. Results showed that concurrent queries increased response times for all protocols, with the effect being most pronounced for encrypted protocols requiring certificate validation. This performance degradation was attributed to CPU resource contention during the computationally intensive validation process, as name resolution time remained stable. Interestingly, in mixed-protocol tests, Do53 performance degraded while encrypted protocol performance improved. We conclude that DNS query performance is highly dependent on computational resource allocation, a critical consideration for server configuration.

Copyright
© 2026 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the Workshop on Computation: Theory and Practice (WCTP 2025)
Series
Atlantis Highlights in Computer Sciences
Publication Date
30 April 2026
ISBN
978-94-6239-638-8
ISSN
2589-4900
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6239-638-8_30How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2026 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Satoru Sunahara
AU  - Saki Shiomi
AU  - Shigeki Hagihara
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/04/30
TI  - An Examination of Performance in Handling Multiple DNS Protocols Concurrently
BT  - Proceedings of the  Workshop on Computation: Theory and Practice (WCTP 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 579
EP  - 593
SN  - 2589-4900
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-638-8_30
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-638-8_30
ID  - Sunahara2026
ER  -