Proceedings of 2025 2nd International Conference on Applied Economics, Management Science and Social Development (AEMSS 2025)

<Previous Article In Volume
Next Article In Volume>

Analysis of the Energy Trilemma in China: a Comprehensive Study of Energy Security, Equity, and Environmental Sustainability

Authors
Haofu Wang1, 2, *, Jingcao She1, 2, Jingmiao Yang1, 2, João Graça Gomes1, 2, 3
1Sino-Portuguese Centre for New Energy Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
2Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
3Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
*Corresponding author. Email: haofuwang@outlook.com
Corresponding Author
Haofu Wang
Available Online 7 June 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-752-6_5How to use a DOI?
Keywords
China; Energy trilemma; Energy security; Equity; Renewable energy
Abstract

China is one of the largest consumers of energy and, consequently, one of the top emitters of CO₂ worldwide. However, it is also one of the largest investors in low-carbon technologies and has set an ambitious target to become carbon neutral by the 2060s. This study analyzes the development of China’s energy sector over the past two decades (2000–2021) and examines how the country manages its decarbonization strategy while meeting growing energy demands. The analysis focuses on China’s energy security, equity, and environmental sustainability, following the World Energy Council’s energy trilemma framework. Energy security is assessed through an evaluation of energy supply access and infrastructure resilience. Equity is analyzed primarily through trends in commodity prices and their stability. Environmental sustainability is examined using metrics such as energy intensity, greenhouse gas emissions, and their impact on air quality. The study highlights China’s ongoing reliance on conventional energy sources while demonstrating significant modernization of its energy sector and stable energy prices. Furthermore, the research reveals China’s substantial energy self-sufficiency and low dependence on external imports and critical energy resources.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Download article (PDF)

<Previous Article In Volume
Next Article In Volume>
Volume Title
Proceedings of 2025 2nd International Conference on Applied Economics, Management Science and Social Development (AEMSS 2025)
Series
Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research
Publication Date
7 June 2025
ISBN
978-94-6463-752-6
ISSN
2352-5428
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-752-6_5How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Haofu Wang
AU  - Jingcao She
AU  - Jingmiao Yang
AU  - João Graça Gomes
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/06/07
TI  - Analysis of the Energy Trilemma in China: a Comprehensive Study of Energy Security, Equity, and Environmental Sustainability
BT  - Proceedings of 2025 2nd International Conference on Applied Economics, Management Science and Social Development (AEMSS 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 34
EP  - 48
SN  - 2352-5428
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-752-6_5
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-752-6_5
ID  - Wang2025
ER  -