A Study on the Impact of Nozzle Arrangement Methods on the Fire Suppression Effectiveness in Electric Vehicle Garages

Mitigating Fire Spread and Enhancing Building Safety

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-658-1_16How to use a DOI?

Keywords

sprinkler; numerical simulation; electric vehicle; heat release rate; civil engineering; hydraulic engineering

Abstract

As the number of new energy vehicles in possession continues to rise, the fire safety issues of electric vehicle garages have drawn widespread concern. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have a greater fire hazard, mainly from the lithium-ion power battery used in electric vehicles, which has a higher risk of thermal runaway. This study aims to investigate the impact of different nozzle configurations in automatic water spray fire suppression systems on the suppression of fire propagation in electric vehicle (EV) garages. PyroSim, a fire dynamics simulation software, was utilized to conduct numerical simulations and comparisons of EV garage fires under various nozzle configurations. Data on parameters such as heat release rate and temperature were collected from different locations within the EV garage and subjected to evaluation. The research results indicate that while spraying water directly onto the bottom of electric vehicle battery packs may not completely extinguish the fire, it can significantly reduce the severity of the incident. The optimal fire control effect within EV garages was achieved when the nozzles were positioned in the gaps between parking spaces, thereby enhancing the structural safety of the building. Additionally, this study proposed a formula relating the heat release rate of lithium-ion battery fires to time.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Yong Hao
AU  - Yongqiang Guo
AU  - Yan Xuan
AU  - Xiaodong Ma
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/03/03
TI  - A Study on the Impact of Nozzle Arrangement Methods on the Fire Suppression Effectiveness in Electric Vehicle Garages
BT  - Proceedings of the 2024 10th International Conference on Architectural, Civil and Hydraulic Engineering (ICACHE 2024)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 158
EP  - 171
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-658-1_16
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-658-1_16
ID  - Hao2025
ER  -