Proceedings of the International Conference on Cross- Disciplinary Academic Research 2025 - Track 2 Advances in Business & Economics, Social Science, Communications & Media (ICAR-T2 2025)
Conference: International Conference on Cross- Disciplinary Academic Research 2025 - Track 2 Advances in Business & Economics, Social Science, Communications & Media (ICAR-T2 2025)
Date: 29-30 September 2025
Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Hybrid)
Website: https://icar25.uptm.edu.my/ This volume comprises the proceedings of Track 2 of the 3rd International Conference on Cross-Disciplinary Academic Research (ICAR 2025), focusing on business, economics, social sciences, communication, and media studies. The track provides a multidisciplinary forum for examining organizational practices, economic developments, social dynamics, and communication strategies in an increasingly interconnected and digitalised world. The papers published in this volume address diverse themes such as management and entrepreneurship, accounting and finance, marketing and digital business, human resource management, economics, public policy, as well as communication and media studies. Collectively, these contributions offer insights into how organizations and societies respond to rapid technological change, globalisation, and evolving stakeholder expectations. Each manuscript was subjected to a careful peer-review process to ensure methodological rigour, clarity, and scholarly contribution. The editors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the reviewers for their thorough evaluations and the authors for their valuable contributions. It is anticipated that this volume will contribute meaningfully to academic discourse and future research across business and social science disciplines. ‘ Nisrin Alyani Ishak
Azwanis Azemi
Siti Munirah Mohd Ali
Noorraha Abdul Razak
Editors-in-Charges
Date: 29-30 September 2025
Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Hybrid)
Website: https://icar25.uptm.edu.my/ This volume comprises the proceedings of Track 2 of the 3rd International Conference on Cross-Disciplinary Academic Research (ICAR 2025), focusing on business, economics, social sciences, communication, and media studies. The track provides a multidisciplinary forum for examining organizational practices, economic developments, social dynamics, and communication strategies in an increasingly interconnected and digitalised world. The papers published in this volume address diverse themes such as management and entrepreneurship, accounting and finance, marketing and digital business, human resource management, economics, public policy, as well as communication and media studies. Collectively, these contributions offer insights into how organizations and societies respond to rapid technological change, globalisation, and evolving stakeholder expectations. Each manuscript was subjected to a careful peer-review process to ensure methodological rigour, clarity, and scholarly contribution. The editors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the reviewers for their thorough evaluations and the authors for their valuable contributions. It is anticipated that this volume will contribute meaningfully to academic discourse and future research across business and social science disciplines. ‘ Nisrin Alyani Ishak
Azwanis Azemi
Siti Munirah Mohd Ali
Noorraha Abdul Razak
Editors-in-Charges