Beyond Productivity: A Systematic Review of Human and Social Well-being Outcomes in Remote and Hybrid Work Arrangements Post-Pandemic

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-754-5_3How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Remote Work; Hybrid Work; Employee Well-Being; Mental Health; Social Connectedness

Abstract

The widespread adoption of remote and hybrid work arrangements following the COVID-19 pandemic has generated substantial scholarly interest, yet existing literature remains disproportionately focused on productivity and organizational performance outcomes. This systematic review addresses that gap by examining the broader human and social well-being consequences of remote and hybrid work in the post-pandemic period. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the Population-Exposure-Outcome (PEO) framework, a systematic search was conducted in the Scopus database using a structured search string covering work arrangement, well-being, population, and pandemic-related terms. A total of 409 records published between 2021 and 2025 were identified, of which 125 proceeded to full-text eligibility assessment and 60 underwent quality appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT 2018). Forty-seven studies met all inclusion and quality criteria and were synthesized through narrative synthesis and thematic analysis. Findings reveal that remote and hybrid work is consistently associated with elevated stress, burnout, anxiety, and psychological distress, though effects are neither uniform nor universal. Social well-being dimensions, including loneliness, social isolation, and diminished sense of belonging, are systematically underrepresented in the literature relative to psychological outcomes. Gender emerges as the most robust moderating factor, with women, particularly mothers of young children, bearing disproportionate well-being burdens. Organizational support, leadership quality, and job autonomy further shape the direction and magnitude of well-being outcomes. These findings carry implications for human resource policy, organizational design, and future research agendas prioritizing equity-sensitive and socially-oriented frameworks of workplace well-being.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this license to share adapted material derived from this chapter or parts of it.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Wulan Siti Nurjanah
AU  - Rasto Rasto
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/02
TI  - Beyond Productivity: A Systematic Review of Human and Social Well-being Outcomes in Remote and Hybrid Work Arrangements Post-Pandemic
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Transformation in Business and Organisations (ICDTBO 2026)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 18
EP  - 29
SN  - 2352-5428
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-754-5_3
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-754-5_3
ID  - Nurjanah2026
ER  -