Marginalization of Folk Religion: Conflict, Hegemony, and Adaptation of the Tengger-Tosari Community

DOI

10.2991/978-2-38476-352-8_6How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Marginalization; Socio-Religion; Adaptation and Resistance; Tengger Community

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the response of the Tengger-Tosari community to the process of marginalization and socio-religious change and to analyze the process of adaptation and resistance to folk religion in the present. This research used ethnohistory and data collection techniques through field observations, interviews, and documentation. In addition, this research also uses oral sources; oral tradition, and oral history obtained from interviews with sources and historical witnesses. Data analysis in this research includes three steps: reducing, presenting, and concluding data. The results show that the marginalization process of the Tengger community began during the first general election in Indonesia in 1955. After the events of G 30 S and since the enactment of Law No. 1/PNPS/1965, the Tengger-Tosari Community experienced the process of Islamisation and coercion to embrace the five official religions. Therefore, the Tengger-Tosari community responded to the state's policy by adapting, following and obeying the official religions: Islam, Hinduism and Christianity. The process of adaptation and resistance of the folk religion with official religions resulted in a cultural synthesis, namely Hindu-Tengger and Traditional-Tengger Islam. Nowadays, Tosari Village is the center of traditional Islam, so the concept of Islam abangan no longer applies. Analysis of the process of adaptation and resistance of the Tengger folk religion generally shows a value of 60 levels of adaptation and 30 levels of resistance.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Hariyono Hariyono
AU  - Riwanto Tirtosudarmo
AU  - Daya Negri Wijaya
AU  - Andhika Yudha Pratama
AU  - Firza Azzam Fadilla
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/01/21
TI  - Marginalization of Folk Religion: Conflict, Hegemony, and Adaptation of the Tengger-Tosari Community
BT  - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science (ICHSS 2024)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 55
EP  - 68
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-352-8_6
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-352-8_6
ID  - Hariyono2025
ER  -