Beyond Asylum:The Legal and Humanitarian Framework for Refugees in the Middle East

Kadarudin Kadarudin; Birkah Latif; Andi Tenri Famauri; Rastiawaty; Andi Syahwiah A. Sapiddin; I-Ming Liao; Pataramon Satalak

doi:10.2991/978-94-6239-785-9_35

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Beyond Asylum:The Legal and Humanitarian Framework for Refugees in the Middle East

Authors

Kadarudin Kadarudin¹^{, *}, Birkah Latif², Andi Tenri Famauri³, Rastiawaty⁴, Andi Syahwiah A. Sapiddin⁵, I-Ming Liao⁶, Pataramon Satalak⁷

¹Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

²Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

³Department of Law, Society, and Development, Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

⁴Department of Law, Society, and Development, Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

⁵Department of Procedural Law, Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

⁶College of Law, National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Taiwan ROC

⁷Faculty of Political Sciences and Law, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Thailand

^*Corresponding author. Email: kadarudin@unhas.ac.id

Corresponding Author

Kadarudin Kadarudin

Available Online 7 October 2026.

DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-785-9_35 How to use a DOI?
Keywords: Middle East; Non-Refoulement; Refugee Law; Regional Cooperation
Abstract: The protracted refugee crisis in the Middle East, driven primarily by the Syrian conflict, has exposed critical weaknesses in international protection mechanisms and placed severe socio-economic pressures on host states. This study investigates three interrelated dimensions: the practical implementation of the non-refoulement principle, the comparative effectiveness of cash versus in-kind humanitarian aid, and the feasibility of a regional refugee responsibility framework. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research combines normative legal analysis with qualitative content analysis using NVivo and statistical validation through SPSS. Field data were drawn from domestic legislation, UN and NGO reports, and interviews with refugees, aid workers, and policymakers. The findings reveal a significant gap between international legal obligations and national practices, with broad domestic security laws enabling systematic erosion of non-refoulement. Comparative analysis in Lebanon demonstrates that cash assistance markedly enhances women’s autonomy and household resilience compared to in-kind aid. Policy analysis indicates that a binding regional framework is politically viable only when underpinned by tangible economic incentives rather than moral appeals alone. The study underscores the need for legal reform, a strategic shift toward cash-based humanitarian assistance, and pragmatic, interest-driven regional cooperation. By integrating empirical evidence with policy insights, it offers a framework for more effective, dignified, and sustainable refugee protection in the Middle East.
Open Access: Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title: Proceedings of the UUM 13th International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC 2025)
Series: Atlantis Highlights in Social Sciences, Education and Humanities
Publication Date: 7 October 2026
ISBN: 978-94-6239-785-9
ISSN: 2667-128X
DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-785-9_35 How to use a DOI?
Open Access: Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

ris enw bib

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kadarudin Kadarudin
AU  - Birkah Latif
AU  - Andi Tenri Famauri
AU  - Rastiawaty
AU  - Andi Syahwiah A. Sapiddin
AU  - I-Ming Liao
AU  - Pataramon Satalak
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/07
TI  - Beyond Asylum:The Legal and Humanitarian Framework for Refugees in the Middle East
BT  - Proceedings of the UUM 13th International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 516
EP  - 531
SN  - 2667-128X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-785-9_35
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-785-9_35
ID  - Kadarudin2026
ER  -

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