Proceedings of the UUM 13th International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC 2025)
UUM 13th International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC 2025)
📍Sintok, Malaysia🗓️ 22-23 October 2025
Conference: UUM 13th International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC 2025)
Date: 22-23 October 2025
Location: Sintok, Malaysia (Hybrid)
Website: https://uumilc.iconf.me/ Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera I wish to extend my earnest appreciation to all participants, speakers, and organisers of the 13th UUM International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC 2025), convened by the School of Law, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Held on 22–23 October 2025 in hybrid format, this conference continues UUM’s proud academic tradition of fostering reflective inquiry and rigorous intellectual engagement in the field of law. This year’s theme, “Humanizing the Law: Bridging Ethics and Innovation in Developing a Sustainable Society,” captures one of the most pressing challenges of our time: reconciling rapid technological transformation with enduring moral reasoning. As artificial intelligence, automation, and digital systems permeate governance and justice, the law must stand as a stabilising force, not to obstruct progress, but to ensure that innovation remains anchored in human values and the collective well-being of society. To humanise law is to reaffirm its fundamental purpose: to safeguard dignity, equity, and accountability amid disruption. The law must evolve in step with technological change, yet remain intelligible and accessible to the communities it serves. In this regard, UUMILC 2025 provides a vital deliberative platform where scholars and practitioners can critically examine the interplay of legal frameworks and moral imperatives. Its six thematic strands — Law and Ethics, Law and Innovation, Law and Sustainability, Law and Society, Law and Religion, and ASEAN Legal Issues — offer fertile ground for analysing how jurisprudence responds to shifting economic, cultural, and environmental realities. Universiti Utara Malaysia remains steadfast in its commitment to cultivating scholarship that integrates governance, justice, and ethical foresight. Through initiatives such as UUMILC, we strive to bridge research and practice, enabling legal knowledge to inform policy reform and contribute meaningfully to the pursuit of just and sustainable governance. I encourage every participant to engage with openness, rigour, and courage — to question prevailing assumptions, generate new insights, and advance discourses that strengthen the moral foundations of law. May this conference foster lasting collaborations and reaffirm our shared pursuit of justice that serves both reason and humanity. Thank you. Mohd Fo'ad Sakdan
Vice-Chancellor Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera On behalf of the School of Law, Universiti Utara Malaysia, it is my honour and pleasure to warmly welcome all of you to the 13th UUM International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC 2025), held from the 22nd to the 23rd of October 2025. This biennial gathering continues to be a prestigious platform where legal scholars, practitioners, and students from across the globe unite to engage in impactful dialogue and knowledge exchange. The theme of this year’s conference, “Humanizing the Law: Bridging Ethics and Innovation in Developing a Sustainable Society,” resonates deeply with the pressing challenges and opportunities of our time. As we stand at the crossroads of rapid technological advancement and evolving societal values, it is imperative that the law not only adapts but also leads by integrating ethical considerations with innovative solutions. This conference provides a critical space to explore this intersection, encouraging thoughtful discourse on how legal frameworks can contribute meaningfully to the sustainability and wellbeing of our communities. I expect this conference to foster robust discussions that challenge conventional perspectives and inspire progressive legal thought and practice. It is through these conversations that we can develop meaningful strategies to humanize our laws, ensuring they serve justice, equity, and sustainability in tandem. In closing, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the conference director and the entire secretariat team whose dedication and hard work have made this event possible. Your commitment to excellence ensures that UUMILC 2025 will be a memorable and enriching experience for all. Thank you once again for your participation, and I look forward to the fruitful exchanges and collaborations that this conference will undoubtedly bring. Thank you. Harlida Abdul Wahab
Assistant Vice Chancellor Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera It is with great pleasure that I welcome all delegates, speakers, and participants to the 13th UUM International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC2025), organized by the School of Law, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), held on 22nd and 23rd October 2025 in hybrid mode—both at UUM, Kedah and via Webex. I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to all collaborators, sponsors, and distinguished speakers whose contributions have made this conference possible. Your support continues to ensure that UUMILC remains a premier platform for intellectual discourse on global legal advancement, innovation, and sustainability. This year’s theme, “Humanizing the Law: Bridging Ethics and Innovation in Developing a Sustainable Society,” captures the essence of our shared vision—to ensure that the progress of law and technology is always guided by ethical and humane principles. As we navigate the complexities of a rapidly changing world, it is essential that innovation serves humanity and that the rule of law continues to uphold justice, equality, and integrity. As we move forward, collaboration and dialogue between academics and practitioners will continue to play a crucial role in shaping a more inclusive and sustainable legal landscape. I believe that the insights and ideas shared during this conference will not only enrich our understanding but also inspire actionable outcomes that advance justice and societal well-being. The conference provides an avenue for intellectuals, practitioners, policymakers, and students from around the world to engage in critical discussions on contemporary legal challenges. It also fosters collaboration and dialogue between academics and practitioners to ensure that law evolves alongside societal needs and technological progress, without losing sight of ethical responsibility and human values. This year, UUMILC 2025 features six main tracks, namely Law and its relation to Ethics, Innovation, Sustainability, Society and Religion. Together with that, we also welcome discussion on ASEAN Legal Issues. Through these tracks, participants will explore the evolving relationship between law and various dimensions of modern life. I sincerely hope that all delegates will gain meaningful experiences, forge new connections, and leave with renewed enthusiasm to contribute to the global legal community. I believe the ideas and perspectives shared during this conference will inspire meaningful reflections and contribute to advancing the role of law in building a more just and sustainable future. Thank you once again for your participation and continuous support of the UUM International Legal Conference. Thank you. Fariza Romli
Director
Date: 22-23 October 2025
Location: Sintok, Malaysia (Hybrid)
Website: https://uumilc.iconf.me/ Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera I wish to extend my earnest appreciation to all participants, speakers, and organisers of the 13th UUM International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC 2025), convened by the School of Law, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Held on 22–23 October 2025 in hybrid format, this conference continues UUM’s proud academic tradition of fostering reflective inquiry and rigorous intellectual engagement in the field of law. This year’s theme, “Humanizing the Law: Bridging Ethics and Innovation in Developing a Sustainable Society,” captures one of the most pressing challenges of our time: reconciling rapid technological transformation with enduring moral reasoning. As artificial intelligence, automation, and digital systems permeate governance and justice, the law must stand as a stabilising force, not to obstruct progress, but to ensure that innovation remains anchored in human values and the collective well-being of society. To humanise law is to reaffirm its fundamental purpose: to safeguard dignity, equity, and accountability amid disruption. The law must evolve in step with technological change, yet remain intelligible and accessible to the communities it serves. In this regard, UUMILC 2025 provides a vital deliberative platform where scholars and practitioners can critically examine the interplay of legal frameworks and moral imperatives. Its six thematic strands — Law and Ethics, Law and Innovation, Law and Sustainability, Law and Society, Law and Religion, and ASEAN Legal Issues — offer fertile ground for analysing how jurisprudence responds to shifting economic, cultural, and environmental realities. Universiti Utara Malaysia remains steadfast in its commitment to cultivating scholarship that integrates governance, justice, and ethical foresight. Through initiatives such as UUMILC, we strive to bridge research and practice, enabling legal knowledge to inform policy reform and contribute meaningfully to the pursuit of just and sustainable governance. I encourage every participant to engage with openness, rigour, and courage — to question prevailing assumptions, generate new insights, and advance discourses that strengthen the moral foundations of law. May this conference foster lasting collaborations and reaffirm our shared pursuit of justice that serves both reason and humanity. Thank you. Mohd Fo'ad Sakdan
Vice-Chancellor Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera On behalf of the School of Law, Universiti Utara Malaysia, it is my honour and pleasure to warmly welcome all of you to the 13th UUM International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC 2025), held from the 22nd to the 23rd of October 2025. This biennial gathering continues to be a prestigious platform where legal scholars, practitioners, and students from across the globe unite to engage in impactful dialogue and knowledge exchange. The theme of this year’s conference, “Humanizing the Law: Bridging Ethics and Innovation in Developing a Sustainable Society,” resonates deeply with the pressing challenges and opportunities of our time. As we stand at the crossroads of rapid technological advancement and evolving societal values, it is imperative that the law not only adapts but also leads by integrating ethical considerations with innovative solutions. This conference provides a critical space to explore this intersection, encouraging thoughtful discourse on how legal frameworks can contribute meaningfully to the sustainability and wellbeing of our communities. I expect this conference to foster robust discussions that challenge conventional perspectives and inspire progressive legal thought and practice. It is through these conversations that we can develop meaningful strategies to humanize our laws, ensuring they serve justice, equity, and sustainability in tandem. In closing, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the conference director and the entire secretariat team whose dedication and hard work have made this event possible. Your commitment to excellence ensures that UUMILC 2025 will be a memorable and enriching experience for all. Thank you once again for your participation, and I look forward to the fruitful exchanges and collaborations that this conference will undoubtedly bring. Thank you. Harlida Abdul Wahab
Assistant Vice Chancellor Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera It is with great pleasure that I welcome all delegates, speakers, and participants to the 13th UUM International Legal Conference 2025 (UUMILC2025), organized by the School of Law, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), held on 22nd and 23rd October 2025 in hybrid mode—both at UUM, Kedah and via Webex. I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to all collaborators, sponsors, and distinguished speakers whose contributions have made this conference possible. Your support continues to ensure that UUMILC remains a premier platform for intellectual discourse on global legal advancement, innovation, and sustainability. This year’s theme, “Humanizing the Law: Bridging Ethics and Innovation in Developing a Sustainable Society,” captures the essence of our shared vision—to ensure that the progress of law and technology is always guided by ethical and humane principles. As we navigate the complexities of a rapidly changing world, it is essential that innovation serves humanity and that the rule of law continues to uphold justice, equality, and integrity. As we move forward, collaboration and dialogue between academics and practitioners will continue to play a crucial role in shaping a more inclusive and sustainable legal landscape. I believe that the insights and ideas shared during this conference will not only enrich our understanding but also inspire actionable outcomes that advance justice and societal well-being. The conference provides an avenue for intellectuals, practitioners, policymakers, and students from around the world to engage in critical discussions on contemporary legal challenges. It also fosters collaboration and dialogue between academics and practitioners to ensure that law evolves alongside societal needs and technological progress, without losing sight of ethical responsibility and human values. This year, UUMILC 2025 features six main tracks, namely Law and its relation to Ethics, Innovation, Sustainability, Society and Religion. Together with that, we also welcome discussion on ASEAN Legal Issues. Through these tracks, participants will explore the evolving relationship between law and various dimensions of modern life. I sincerely hope that all delegates will gain meaningful experiences, forge new connections, and leave with renewed enthusiasm to contribute to the global legal community. I believe the ideas and perspectives shared during this conference will inspire meaningful reflections and contribute to advancing the role of law in building a more just and sustainable future. Thank you once again for your participation and continuous support of the UUM International Legal Conference. Thank you. Fariza Romli
Director