Digital Public Infrastructure and Inclusive Digital Transformation in Indonesia: Insights from India Stack

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-754-5_20How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Digital Public Infrastructure; Financial Inclusion; Digital Transformation; India Stack; Indonesia

Abstract

Digital transformation is increasingly serving as a strategic pathway to expand financial inclusion and economic participation in emerging economies. However, unequal access to financial services and fragmented digital infrastructures continue to constrain participation, particularly among underserved populations and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This paper examines the role of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) in supporting inclusive digital transformation, using the India Stack as a comparative benchmark and Indonesia as an empirical case. Drawing on a qualitative comparative approach, the study analyzes how interoperable digital infrastructures reduce barriers to financial participation through digital identity systems, payment interoperability, and institutional governance. The findings suggest that India Stack, particularly Aadhaar and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), demonstrates how interoperable infrastructures can reduce transaction frictions and support financial participation at scale. In Indonesia, QRIS and BI-FAST similarly illustrate the growing role of interoperable payment infrastructures in expanding financial access and MSME participation, while also revealing challenges related to digital readiness, financial literacy, and institutional coordination. This paper argues that effective DPI depends not only on technological deployment but also on institutional conditions supporting inclusive participation. Three conditions emerge as central to inclusive digital transformation in Indonesia: interoperability, institutional coordination, and inclusive governance.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this license to share adapted material derived from this chapter or parts of it.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Ryan Achmad Arianto Ekasaputra
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/02
TI  - Digital Public Infrastructure and Inclusive Digital Transformation in Indonesia: Insights from India Stack
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Transformation in Business and Organisations (ICDTBO 2026)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 223
EP  - 232
SN  - 2352-5428
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-754-5_20
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-754-5_20
ID  - Ekasaputra2026
ER  -