Welcome to the Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Business, Economic, and Social Sustainability (ICOBES 2025). The organization of ICOBES 2025 was motivated by increasingly complex global dynamics, characterized by widening economic inequality, technological disruption, social unrest, environmental crises, and the growing urgency of sustainable development. These multidimensional challenges require critical academic responses, interdisciplinary collaboration, and innovative solutions capable of bridging business interests, economic systems, and social sustainability. In this context, ICOBES 2025 adopted the theme “Economic Grievances to Social Unrest: Shaping the Future of Business, Economic, and Social Sustainability,” which emphasizes the close interconnection between economic pressures, social dynamics, and the future direction of sustainability.

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