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The design of torrefaction processes for biomass conversion are examined in this research, with a focus on the potential of this process as a sustainable energy source in Botswana. Torrefaction is a thermal treatment process that improves properties of raw biomass for use as a biofuel or for co-feeding...

In the realm of supply chains, an intricate web is woven by suppliers, partners, corporations, and distributors as they utilize, create, and disseminate information among themselves. This network precipitates a dynamic landscape filled with both challenges and prospects. At the heart of this evolution...

Library services are reflected through reader behavior, and the intentions behind these behaviors provide a basis for improving library services. Therefore, studying the carbon footprint of reader behavior in the process of library services is of great practical significance for enhancing the quality...

Since March 2020, against the backdrop of a massive decline in the global tourism market, there has been an increase in interest in micro-tourism in all countries – travelling within the region of residence or neighboring regions. The study is aimed at solving a serious problem of the development of...

The current COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various sectors. The impact in the education sector is the emergence of one of the policies made by the government, namely the abolition of direct teaching and learning activities. This has been implemented in several countries in the world,...

This paper illustrates how important education’s role is in improving gender equality. This work analyzes the phenomenon of gender inequality in the workplace and investigates the gender income gap, female participation ratio, and educational years in urban and rural areas data after 1986. Besides, this...

With the development of society, the low voltage electricity consumption environment is becoming increasingly complex. Related electrical safety issues are also increasing day by day. In order to improve the safety management level of low voltage electricity consumption, this article analyzes the background...

Mold and mycotoxin contamination of cereal grains not only affect human and animal health but also have a significant economic impact on cereal growers and food processors due to grain loss and product recall. Synthetic fumigant is usually used to control mold growth during grain storage, but it is not...

Tubular turbines have been widely used because of their good hydraulic performance and energy characteristics. During the operation of tubular turbine, the runner blades and guide vanes may be over-opened. This article uses computational fluid dynamics methods to numerically simulate the internal flow...

Batik is one of the ancient traditional printing and dyeing techniques of the Chinese nation. With a long history, Miao’s batik is characterised by unique and diverse patterns, which record the history, religion, and nature of the Miao people. As an intangible cultural heritage, it has rich national...

Numerous studies have examined the use of online applications in EFL listening classes. However, there is limited research on students’ engagement with offline applications, such as ATMEN, in tertiary listening classes. To address this gap, researchers investigated how undergraduate students at an Indonesian...

The intention to pursue entrepreneurship is a key prerequisite for individuals aiming to start new businesses, with current college students regarded as future entrepreneurs. Enhancing students’ entrepreneurial motivation has become a prominent research focus recently. This study explores the relationship...

Accurately and effectively assessing the collision risk between ships is of great significance for the formulation of ship collision avoidance decisions. However, in different encounter situations, different evaluation indicators may play different roles, making it difficult to accurately and effectively...

In this era of artificial intelligence (AI), humanoid systems enhance social capital, and this enhancement promotes knowledge innovation. The intelligent social network (ISN) is a crucial construct in this process. This paper aims to explore the effects of AI on social capital and innovation by constructing...

The imperative to reduce the manufacturing industry’s environmental footprint has become a critical global issue due to rising living standards, increased demand, and resource scarcity. Manufacturing, central to product supply and modern life, faces significant sustainability challenges. Existing manufacturing...

With the advent of the Age of Discovery, cultural, economic, and intellectual exchanges between the East and West experienced their first peak, during which the fusion of East and West cultures was based on economic exchange and commercial interaction. The Age of Exploration also brought...

In this paper, we describe the necessity and importance of ideological and political education in Calculus, and how to integrate moral education into the curriculum. First the purpose, meaning and difficulties of moral education are discussed. Then several keys for the success of cultivating morality...

As carbon emissions from the global shipping industry continue to rise, the urgency for low-carbon development has intensified. At the policy level, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the European Union have implemented increasingly stringent carbon reduction targets for shipping. Technologically,...

In recent years, big data and cloud computing technologies have been widely applied, profoundly changing peoples lifestyles and work methods. This paper provides a basic analysis of the characteristics of audit analytical procedures at different stages and periods, and elucidates all the limitations...

The new college entrance examination reform is committed to improving the scientific and fair selection of talents and promoting language teaching to face new opportunities and challenges. This study takes Japanese teaching in a number of middle schools in a city in Northeast China as the object, through...

Landslides pose a long-term threat to people and their property and damage the environment in general. Therefore, much effort has been made to assess the risk of landslides and propose mitigation methods based on key characteristics of the landslides, including range and extent, volume, trigger mechanism,...

The learning of sense relations in semantics plays a very important role in students’ linguistics learning. However, in the learning process, students feel very confused about some special cases of hyponymy and couldn’t explain them clearly. In view of this situation, this paper first reviewed the definitions...

The study examines the influence of perceived susceptibility on attitude, perceived behavioural control and intention to COVID-19 self-assessment among older adults. Although COVID-19 self-assessment has become a preventive tool for detecting sickness, limited studies have examined older adults’ behavioural...

The institutional structure of the criminal justice system in Aceh is deeply rooted in the application of Islamic law, therefore, they have a jinayah qanun that regulates hudud crimes such as gambling, drinking alcohol, and committing adultery. The values of justice of Pancasila and Islam should be in...

A theoretical study of alkaline earth extraction using 12-crown-4 derivative has been carried out. The capability of the crown ether derivative to extract alkaline metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+) is studied by Density Functional Theory (DFT) Method. The DFT calculations uses 6-311G(dp) basis set at the...

The purpose of this research was to identify and analyze differences in Abnormal Return & Trading Volume Activity before and after the announcement of the first Covid-19 case in Indonesia, Micro-Scale PPKM, and Emergency PPKM in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2021...

The digital era is now this want existence acceleration in all joints life human, thing this including in Thing registration Right dependents. Previous HT registration conducted by traditional moment this has conducted by electronics, however thereby in implementation electronic HT registration still...

Kale is one of the family plants with collard, cabbage, and broccoli, but not well known by the people because not many farmers have cultivated this plant, but the demand for kale plants continues to increase. This study aims to determine the composition of planting media and the dose of gold snail liquid...

In early adolescence, the level of happiness of a teenager can influence psychological development, learning outcomes, self-esteem, ability to control oneself, emotional intelligence, and learning motivation. Identifying the level of happiness in early adolescence can be a reference for tackling the...

Due to the impact of COVID-19 and the increasing attention paid to health care at home and abroad, medicinal diet has been gaining more and more attention, therefore, it is important to study the English translation of medicinal diet for its international publicity. In order to enrich the methods and...

As China’s employment pressure is getting more and more serious, and the job market competition is getting increasingly fierce, Chinese graduates have gradually formed their own employment preferences. Based on the interviews with five graduates, it is concluded that graduates tend to prefer stable job...

This paper focuses on the practical promotion of the Orff Music Teaching Method in music education at rural primary schools. With “elemental music education” as the core theoretical framework and combined with the localized case of No. 2 Primary School of Siyan Town, Ya’an, Sichuan, it explores the method’s...

Engineering projects are often plagued by data silos: stakeholders’ systems operate in isolation, impeding interaction, coordination, and response. To break these barriers, we propose a data-coordination-driven architecture for an exchange-collaboration platform that integrates BIM and digital-engineering...

The idea of the rule of law in a state state emphasizes that state power should be exercised based on and bound by law, thereby safeguarding citizens’ rights and preventing abuse of power. A state that upholds the rule of law is one in which protection, order, and certainty are based on justice and the...

Household-scale tofu industries in Surabaya, a strategic coastal city in East Java, play a vital role in the local economy but pose significant challenges to environmental sustainability. The discharge of untreated liquid waste from these industries into the city’s river network eventually flows into...

The eighth most frequent disease in the globe in India is oral cancer (OC), which kills 130,000 people every year. Oral cancerous tumors can arise in a variety of locations, such as the tonsils, salivary glands, neck, face, and mouth. Histological pictures are useful for cancer screening because they...

The Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is an anticipated integration of robotic systems with interconnected communications that enable independent and intelligent exchange in multiple domains. Such interconnectivity, however, also has serious concerns related to cybersecurity, necessitating advanced approaches...

Deceptive marriage-based exploitation has traditionally been treated as a private moral issue rather than as a legal problem affecting women’s bodily integrity and sexual autonomy. This article reconstructs the issue through feminist criminal law, victimology, and international human rights law. Using...

University students suffer from depression and anxiety the same as adults. Even though there are lots of methods to treat depression and anxiety, university students experience both stress academically and socially. They are not only in some way not mature enough but still reckon themselves as problem...

This work presents an approach of finding the optimal location and size of battery energy storage system (BESS) in a distribution network with distributed generation (DG) in order to reduce distribution system losses and control of voltage rise due to DG fluctuation. The optimal site and size of the...

Limit Equilibrium (LE) methods have been used as the main tool to assess rock mass failure mechanisms at inter-ramp and overall slope scales in open pit mines. Rock mass shear strength parameters are determined by reducing the intact strength using Geological Strength Index (GSI), Damage factor (D),...

The government’s appreciation for persons with disabilities in the country, as initiated by the CRPD at the United Nations, is one of the parameters of a developed country. The purpose of this research is to discuss the national museum’s attempts to promote culture by converting Latin script into Braille...

Risk perception and how it is managed are critical factors in travel decisions, as perceived risk is considered a constraint of travel experiences, and it is vital to alleviate it. Little attempt has been made in conceptualizing the components of risk reduction strategies comprehensively in the tourism...

Inflation is a pressing issue that is commonly affiliated with numbers of social and economic consequences. It is gaining increasingly higher attention, especially at the world scale, after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to analyse the current inflation situation all over the world and re-examine...

This study systematically investigates the application potential and implementation pathways of “Internet + Artificial Intelligence” (I + AI) technology in elderly care service innovation, grounded in the contextual realities of China's deepening aging population and uneven urban-rural distribution...

The village government has a more sovereign position and more prominent roles in managing their affairs since its position places it as a hybrid organization between a self-governing community and local self-government. It is essential to re-actualize local values to strengthen the community, which also...

The employee engagement is an important aspect of stability of the workforce and organization. Traditional analytics usually use linear models which do not reflect non-linear correlation that affect retention. The present study is based on a neural network framework and provides an analysis of the engagement...

Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and coral reefs support marine biodiversity and stability, with microalgae as primary producers and environmental sentinels. We present the first comparative assessment of microalgal diversity and environmental drivers across adjacent mangrove and reef habitats in...

This paper examines how local government units (LGUs) in the Philippines navigate public transport governance under a devolved system. We identify five models of LGU involvement: (1) Route planning and service standards enforcement, (2) LGU-operated services, (3) Public-private partnerships, (4) Fare...

With the frequent occurrence of extreme heat events and the advancement of urbanization, the health of urban residents is seriously threatened. Taking Shenzhen City as an object, the study uses spatial regression modeling to investigate the distribution and spatial equity of heat exposure risk and to...