Project-based Learning to Develop the 21st-century Skills for Vocational College Students

DOI

10.2991/978-2-38476-563-8_16How to use a DOI?

Keywords

21st-century skills; One-Sample T-Test; Project-based Learning; Vocational Students

Abstract

Project-Based Learning (PBL) is critical to acquire important 21st-century skills and prepare students for future success. From February to April 2025, we executed a PBL called Digital Coaching Clinic, in which students found communities and assisted them in managing their social media accounts to increase brand awareness. This study aims to investigate the influence of PBL on the development of the 21st-century Skills for Vocational College students. The skills are categorized into three: learning skills (creativity, innovation, critical thinking, problem-solving, decision-making, learning to learn, communication and collaboration), literacy skills (information literacy and ICT literacy), and life skills (citizenship, life and career, cultural awareness and competence). The method employed is to distribute a Google Form questionnaire with 34 items on a Likert Scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) to active students of Bachelor of Applied English, Vocational College, UGM who participated in the International Cross-cultural Communication Class. Respondents numbered 31. The data were analysed using the One-Sample T-Test to determine the mean difference between the hypothesised mean and the obtained mean. The results showed that all items have p = .000 (<.05), indicating that all means are significantly greater than 3. The means vary from approximately 4.09 to 4.90, indicating that respondents consistently rated the claims positively. Decision-making question during PBL has the lowest mean difference (1.09), indicating that this skill is the least developed. While the biggest mean difference is 1.90 for question concerning collaboration skill, this skill develops the most during PBL implementation.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Andri Handayani
AU  - Wahyu Kartika Wienanda
AU  - Winarto Winarto
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/04/28
TI  - Project-based Learning to Develop the 21st-century Skills for Vocational College Students
BT  - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Research on Language 2025 (IROLE 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 203
EP  - 217
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-563-8_16
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-563-8_16
ID  - Handayani2026
ER  -